Arbas Law

30/09/2026

24/08/2026

The money was already withdrawn. The bank wanted it back. But whose mistake caused the loss?

The Supreme Court ruled that a bank cannot require a depositor to return money already withdrawn on the ground of unjust enrichment when the loss was caused by the bank’s own gross negligence.

In this case, the bank credited a deposited check before it had been properly cleared, incorrectly treated a regional check as a local check, and failed to detect the error until after receiving a stop payment order.

The Supreme Court emphasized that banking is a business imbued with public interest and that banks are required to exercise the highest degree of diligence.

07/08/2026

A Precautionary Hold Departure Order (PHDO) may be issued only when:

a. The crime is punishable by a minimum penalty of at least six years and one day of imprisonment; or

b. The respondent is a foreigner, regardless of the penalty.

The constitutional right to travel cannot be restricted based on mere speculation or the possibility of future charges.

26/06/2026

The Supreme Court (SC) reiterates that mere absence from work, by itself, is insufficient to establish abandonment or justify dismissal.

19/05/2026

The Supreme Court (SC) has ruled that the unilateral imposition of reduced workdays and worker rotation scheme amounts to constructive dismissal.

Source: SC PIO

16/05/2026

The Supreme Court (SC) has ruled that non-verbal threatening gestures with criminal intent may be considered grave threats under the Revised Penal Code.

Source: SC PIO

27/03/2026

The Supreme Court (SC) has clarified when courts may dismiss a case for failure to state a cause of action, resolving conflicting rulings on the issue.

Source: SC PIO

11/03/2026

The Supreme Court (SC) has upheld the validity of a Department of Justice (DOJ) circular that raised the standard of proof in preliminary investigations and inquest proceedings from probable cause to prima facie evidence with reasonable certainty of conviction.

Source: SC PIO