09/11/2026
Pretend Sales of a Homestead and Homestead Protections in Texas
By Ani Sonia Chidiogo
Texas law provides strong protections for homestead property. Under Article XVI, Section 50, a homestead is generally protected from forced sale for most debts, subject to constitutional exceptions.
But what happens when a transaction is presented as a sale but is intended to secure a debt?
What Is a Pretended Sale?
A pretended sale occurs when a transaction is presented as a sale, but the circumstances show that the property was intended as security for a debt.
Texas courts look beyond the documents and consider the parties’ intent and surrounding circumstances. In Sisk v. Randon, 70 S.W.2d 553 (Tex. 1934), the court recognized that evidence may show that a deed described as a sale was actually intended as a mortgage.
Similarly, in Orozco v. Sander, 824 S.W.2d 555 (Tex. 1992), the Texas Supreme Court addressed a purported sale of a homestead that functioned as security for a debt.
Texas Homestead Protections
Article XVI, Section 50(c) provides that “[a]ll pretended sales of the homestead involving any condition of defeasance shall be void.”
Texas law also regulates certain sale-leaseback transactions. Under Texas Property Code § 41.006, qualifying transactions may be treated as loans rather than genuine sales, particularly where the property is sold below fair market value and leaseback payments exceed fair rental value.
Texas Property Code § 41.0022 provides rules for certain conveyances of non-urban-homestead property to entities in which the owner or spouse has an ownership interest.
Why Does It Matter?
A transaction does not necessarily become a valid sale simply because the documents call it a “sale.” Courts may examine whether there was an underlying loan, an obligation to repay, an agreement to return the property, or other circumstances showing that the transaction was intended as security.
Texas homestead protections are strong, but the legal effect of a transaction depends on the facts and applicable constitutional and statutory requirements.
References
• Tex. Const. art. XVI, § 50
• Tex. Prop. Code §§ 41.0022, 41.006
• Sisk v. Randon.
• Orozco v. Sander