09/09/2021
Two of the areas in which I have been active over many years are the drafting for employers of agreements by employees restricting competition by them after termination of employment and enforcement of such agreements. As to the former, I would like to share the following which I have learned from clients and business advisors.
In many states there are relatively few reported cases with respect to the enforcement of non-competition agreements against former employees. The reason is that the litigation is usually settled after the grant or denial of a preliminary injunction at the trial court level and the trial court decisions are not reported.
State courts differ in their approaches to post-employment non-competition agreements,; but in many states an agreement by an employee to refrain from competing with the employer after termination or cessation of employment will be enforced so long as it protects the legitimate interests of the employer, imposes no undue hardship on the employee, and is not injurious to the public. The restrictions as to territory, time and the competitive activities will be enforced if they are reasonable under the circumstances.
An employer and its attorney should consider (1) which are the legitimate interests of the company in protecting trade secrets, confidential information and customer relationships and (2) whether protection is needed from employees other than those in sales.
Thoughtful definition is required as to the Restricted Activity, the Restriction Period and the Restricted Territory. If the employer is tempted to try to impose restrictions which are over-reaching, perhaps with the intent of frightening employees who, having signed the agreement, are contemplating leaving, such temptation should be resisted. Some employees confronted with a much too harsh non-competition agreement will leave rather than sign and the others who stay may be very demoralized. And, when an attempt is made to enforce an overly restrictive non-competition agreement, there is a risk that a Court will not enforce it-- even with respect to activities which are well within the legitimate interests of the employer.
In considering what post-employment restrictions on competition should be in the document, the employer should think carefully what hardships would be suffered by the particular employee or type of employee after cessation of employment because of the non-competition covenants?
The employer may well take a different approach depending on whether the persons
are at-will employees, have an employment agreement for a term of years or are prospective hires.