02/09/2012
Wills Chapter 2 - Disadvantages of Dying Without a Will
If a person dies without a will, the law disposes of his or her property. The public policy behind statutes governing the intestate distribution of property is to provide for the orderly distribution of property at death. The law does not play favorites, so the distribution is determined by how closely the heir was related to the decedent, not by the nature or quality of any relationship between the heir and the decedent. Dying without a will may trigger undesired results and unexpected costs and delays.
Undesired Results
Because you usually have an idea of how you want your property to pass to others, undesired results can arise if you die without a will. Dying without a will risks that the property will not be inherited as the you wished.
For example, very often one spouse may prefer to leave everything to the surviving spouse who will provide for and take care of the children, but this may not happen if there is no will. If a person dies without a will survived by a spouse and children, including one or more children who are not also children of the surviving spouse, the surviving spouse receives only his or her one-half share of the community property, perhaps including the family home. Further, under these circumstances, the surviving spouse inherits only one-third of any separate personal property and only a life interest in one-third of any separate real property.
If there is any animosity between, for example, the surviving spouse and the your children by a prior marriage (who are now coowners of property), conflicts or disputes may arise. Surely this is not what the you want after you pass away.
Another example of unintended results of dying without a will relates to the treatment of lifetime gifts to heirs. Texas law presumes that a gift to an heir is not an advancement of his or her inheritance. This may present a problem where a parent with two children makes a lifetime gift of a sizeable part (say, one-half) of the estate to one child (perhaps to help the child start a business or purchase a home) with the understanding that the gift is an advancement of his or her inheritance. If that parent then dies without a will and is not survived by a spouse, the remaining one-half of the estate is divided equally among the two children. The child who received the lifetime gift in effect takes three-fourths of the total estate, and the other receives only one-fourth instead of one-half, unless an advancement of the one child's inheritance can be proved in court. If the most special people in your life are not among those who would be your heirs-at-law, they will not share in your estate if you die without a will. If an unmarried person dies without a will, friends and roommates will inherit nothing. Thus, a devoted friend, who perhaps cared for the decedent for years, will not inherit property, no matter how unfair it might seem, unless the friend is provided for in the decedent's will. Also, without a will, property cannot pass to a charitable organization, no matter how committed the decedent was to its purpose.
In Texas, there is no forced heirship. In other words, a parent is not required to leave property to his or her children. However, one cannot disinherit heirs if he or she dies without a will. Under the intestate distribution statutes, property may pass to undesired heirs instead of those the decedent would have chosen.
Costs and Delays
Dying without a will can tie up assets for an undetermined period of time. A court proceeding often is required to determine who are the heirs, although in certain limited circumstances it may be possible to clear title to the assets without an heirship proceeding. An administrator, who may be responsible to the court for settling the estate, may have to be appointed. The administrator may be required to post a bond to insure that the duties are performed properly. The administrator's duties include locating the heirs, inventorying the assets, classifying and paying off debts of and claims against the estate, and distributing the property to the heirs.
Transfer of ownership of some of the assets by legal documents, such as deeds and certificates of title, may be necessary. If the estate cannot be settled amicably, the court will resolve the disputes. Because of congested dockets, court proceedings often are slow. Legal fees and court costs may begin to mount. Depending on how difficult it is to divide the property and whether the heirs agree on the value assigned to it, court proceedings could be so lengthy and costly that the estate is depleted. The bottom line is that dying without a will costs time and money and causes frustration for the family of the decedent.