05/09/2019
Can You 1031 Exchange a Business?
Many business owners ask if they can 1031 exchange their business, like what they may be able to do for an investment property (house, condo, land, etc. for something similar, or “like-kind”). The Internal Revenue Service stresses to taxpayers that “like-kind” exchange tax treatment is now generally limited to exchanges of real property. Properties are of like-kind if they’re of the same nature and/or character, even if they differ in quality or amenities. Improved real property is generally of “like-kind” to unimproved real property. For example, a 4-plex investment building would generally be of like-kind to unimproved land. However, real property in the United States is not of like-kind to real property outside the U.S.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, passed in December 2017, made tax law changes that now affect virtually every business and individual. Therefore, most personal property will no longer fall under this umbrella.
Effective January 1, 2018, a 1031 exchange only applies towards investment property, which is real property (not equipment, vehicles, collectibles, trademarks, patents or other intellectual property, including goodwill). Attached fixtures, such as furnaces and stoves which would take great effort to move and dismantle (chattels) would be considered a part of real property. Therefore, a potential business seller can’t make a general statement (or request to his/her broker) that he/she can 1031 exchange a business. The business must have real property it uses in its business or it leases such real property to a third party in connection with the business and wishes to exchange it with something that is like-kind, of equal or greater value.
Example:
You own a hair salon and lease the space from your landlord. Maybe you own the chairs and equipment, but this no longer matters under the new IRS rules. If you owned the building, that’s a different story. That is real property and can be 1031-exchanged.
Anyone considering doing a 1031 exchange of their business-related real property for another business-related property should confirm and check with his/her CPA the sale of such real property will result in taxes. If there is a gain, the CPA can offset it with legitimate business losses.