04/28/2025
The United States Constitution, Article VI, Clause 2 provides:
"This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding."
It is also called the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution.
In 1819 and in 1824, the U.S. Supreme Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, decided McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. 1 (1824), which made it clear that the Supremacy Clause means what is says.
McCulloch v. Maryland involved a Maryland state law that taxed the Second Bank of the United States. The Court ruled that state laws could not obstruct the Federal Government's implied powers, for example, to create a national bank.
Gibbons v. Ogden involved a New York state law that granted steamboat operators a monopoly on the Hudson River and conflicted with a Federal law that governed interstate commerce. The Court held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to the federal government by the Constitution, was exclusive and preempted the state law.
The concept of the Federal Supremacy Clause was covered at length when I attended law school, yet I also remember learning these concepts in Government class in high school.
For years, it has puzzled me that some cities and some states have declared themselves sanctuaries and implied that they would ignore Federal law enforcement.
It is as if they want to scrap the Constitution and go back to the Articles of Confederation. A little over 160 years ago, we fought a civil war about this.
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