Espellarga Law Office

Espellarga Law Office Law Office in Tacloban City

07/01/2026

Congrats to 5,594 new members of the Bar. Welcome to the legal profession. Use the law not only as a profession but as a vehicle to serve justice.

03/11/2025
IBP Legal AidOn October 10, 2025, Atty. Espellarga participated in the IBP Leyte Chapter's Libre Serbisyo Legal held in ...
15/10/2025

IBP Legal Aid

On October 10, 2025, Atty. Espellarga participated in the IBP Leyte Chapter's Libre Serbisyo Legal held in San Miguel, Leyte.

Legal Aid MissionOn September 5, 2025, Atty. Espellarga participated in the IBP Leyte Chapter’s Libre Serbisyo Legal at ...
15/09/2025

Legal Aid Mission

On September 5, 2025, Atty. Espellarga participated in the IBP Leyte Chapter’s Libre Serbisyo Legal at Dulag Cultural Center, Dulag, Leyte.



14/09/2025

All the best! You are made for this! ⚖️




14/09/2025
30/06/2025

The Supreme Court (SC) has ruled that a child’s r**e by her adoptive uncle does not warrant a harsher penalty because they are not related, based on the prevailing law at the time of the crime. 𝗛𝗼𝘄𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿, 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗮𝗱𝗼𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗹𝗮𝘄𝘀 𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗻𝗼𝘄 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗴𝗻𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗱𝗼𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗮𝗱𝗼𝗽𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗺𝗮𝘆 𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗲.

In a Decision written by Associate Justice Japar B. Dimaampao, the SC’s Third Division found a man guilty of ra**ng his 10-year-old adoptive niece, but ruled that his penalty cannot be increased by the qualifying circumstance of relationship.

The SC thus upheld the accused’s conviction but declared him guilty of statutory r**e instead of qualified r**e.

Case records show that sometime in November 2012, while the victim was asleep, her adoptive mother’s brother forcibly had s*x with her.

While the Regional Trial Court and the Court of Appeals found the accused guilty of qualified r**e, considering the victim’s minority and the fact that he is a relative by blood within the third civil degree, the SC disagreed.

The SC clarified that at the time the r**e was committed, the existing laws on adoption did not consider the victim to be related to her adoptive parents’ family.

While R. A. No. 11642, or the 𝘋𝘰𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤 𝘈𝘥𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘈𝘥𝘰𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘈𝘭𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘊𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘥 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘈𝘤𝘵, which took effect in 2022, expanded the relationship to include the adopter’s parents, legitimate siblings, and legitimate descendants, it could not be applied to this case since the crime was committed in 2012.

The SC emphasized that to find the accused guilty of qualified r**e would violate the constitutional prohibition against 𝘦𝘹 𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰 laws, or laws that increase the penalty after the crime has been committed.

Read the full text of the Press Release at https://tinyurl.com/4hamb98v.

Read the full text of the Decision at https://tinyurl.com/bdf27e5v.

Read the Concurring Opinion of Associate Justice Alfredo Benjamin S. Caguioa at https://tinyurl.com/764n9pp5.

Copying of this content is subject to the SC PIO’s Credit Attribution Policy: https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/credit-attribution-policy/.

30/06/2025

Nagpasya ang na sa ilalim ng lumang batas, hindi magiging mas mabigat ang parusa kapag ang isang bata ay ginahasa ng kamag-anak ng nag-ampon sa kanya.

Pero ang mga batas sa pag-aampon na ipinatupad pagkatapos nangyari ang krimen sa kasong ito ay kinikilala na ang relasyon sa pagitan ng isang adoptee at kanilang mga adoptive na kamag-anak at maaaring magpabigat sa parusa sa krimen.

Sa Desisyon na isinulat ni Associate Justice Japar B. Dimaampao, napatunayan ng Third Division ng Korte na guilty ang isang lalaki sa panggagahasa sa 10-taong-gulang na kinupkop ng kanyang kapatid na babae. Sinabi ng Korte na ang akusado ay guilty sa statutory r**e sa halip na qualified r**e kaya hindi pwedeng patawan ng mas mabigat na parusa sa pamamagitan ng qualifying circumstance of relationship.

Noong Nobyembre 2012, natutulog ang biktima nang siya ay gisingin at pagsamantalahan ng kapatid na lalake ng babaeng umampon sa kanya. Naisumbong lang ng biktima ang ginawang panghahalay sa kanya makalipas ang isang taon. Kasama ng kanyang adoptive parents, sumailalim siya sa medical examination at ini-report sa pulisya ang insidente.

Hinatulan ng Regional Trial Court (RTC) ang akusado ng qualified r**e at isinasaalang-alang nito na menor de edad ang biktima at itinuring ang akusado na kamag-anak. Kinatigan ito ng Court of Appeals (CA).

Pinagtibay ng Korte Suprema ang hatol na guilty ng CA at RTC pero idineklara nito na ang akusado ay guilty sa statutory r**e at hindi qualified r**e.

Sa ilalim ng Revised Penal Code, ang statutory r**e ay ginagawa kapag ang isang lalaki ay nakipagtalik sa isang batang babae na wala pang 12 taong gulang (ngayon, wala pang 16 taong gulang), kahit na walang puwersa, pagbabanta, o pananakot. Sa kabilang banda, qualified ang kasong r**e o ang pinakamabigat na parusa ay ipinapataw, kapag ang biktima ay wala pang 18 taong gulang at ang nagkasala ay kamag-anak sa dugo o affinity within the third civil degree.

Nilinaw ng Korte na noong nangyari ang panggagahasa, hindi pa itinuturing na kamag-anak ng isang bata ang mga kamag-anak ng adoptive parents, ayon sa mga umiiral na batas sa pag-aampon.

Bagamat pinalawak ng Republic Act No. 11642 o Domestic Administrative Adoption and Alternative Child Care Act ang relasyon o ugnayan para isama ang mga magulang ng adopter, mga lehitimong kapatid at descendants, taong 2022 lang ito naisabatas at hindi mailalapat sa kasong ito dahil ang krimen ay nangyari noong 2012.

Para sabihing guilty ang akusado sa qualified r**e ay lalabag sa constitutional prohibition laban sa mga ex post facto law o mga batas na nagpapabigat ng parusa pagkatapos magawa ang krimen.

Sa halip, ang akusado ay pinatawan ng parusang pagkabilanggo ng maximum na 40 taon at inutusang bayaran ang biktima ng PHP 225,000 bilang danyos.

Basahin ang buong press release sa https://tinyurl.com/4hamb98v.

Basahin ang buong Desisyon sa https://tinyurl.com/bdf27e5v.

Basahin ang Concurring Opinion ni Associate Justice Alfredo Benjamin S. Caguioa sa https://tinyurl.com/764n9pp5.

Sumunod sa Credit Attribution Policy ng SC PIO: https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/credit-attribution-policy/.


Espellarga Law Office provides legal consultation and notarial services in Tacloban City.Located near RCBC Tacloban — pl...
23/04/2025

Espellarga Law Office provides legal consultation and notarial services in Tacloban City.
Located near RCBC Tacloban — please refer to the map below for the exact location.

For appointments or inquiries, you may contact:
📞 SMART: 0960 294 9458

23/04/2025

The (SC) has ruled that unauthorized structures on public land, including 𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘰𝘬𝘦 machines, 𝘴𝘢𝘳𝘪-𝘴𝘢𝘳𝘪 stores, billiard tables, 𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘴, and other businesses on beaches, may be demolished for being public nuisances.

In a Decision written by Associate Justice Amy C. Lazaro-Javier, the SC’s Second Division upheld the order to demolish various illegal structures along Matabungkay Beach in Lian, Batangas.

The owners of Villa Alexandra Beach Resort and Restaurant in Matabungkay Beach filed a case for abatement of nuisance, easement, and injunction against Pablo and Patnubay Calimlim (Calimlims), who had operated informal structures along the beach for over 50 years.

The resort owners claimed the structures were built without the necessary permits and disrupted their business and inconvenienced guests, leading to financial losses.

Affirming the Court of Appeals ruling which ordered the demolition of the illegal structures for being public nuisances, the SC found that the structures were built on public foreshore land without the required lease agreement from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

According to DENR Administrative Order No. 2004-24, in relation to the 𝘗𝘶𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘤 𝘓𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘈𝘤𝘵 or Commonwealth Act No. 141, foreshore lands may be disposed of only through a lease agreement with the DENR. The Calimlims’ lease application was denied by the DENR, making their occupation and use of the land unauthorized.

The DENR acknowledged this illegal occupancy and issued Notices to Vacate, which the Calimlims ignored. The SC ruled that their obstruction of and unauthorized occupation and use of the foreshore land equate to a public nuisance.

Read the full text of the Press Release at https://tinyurl.com/yyp6y4kr.

Read the full text of the Decision at https://tinyurl.com/5axh8jcj.

Copying of this content is subject to the SC PIO’s Credit Attribution Policy: https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/credit-attribution-policy/

07/04/2025

Nilinaw ng na ang paghain ng reklamo sa Department of Justice (DOJ) ― at hindi ang pagsampa ng kaso sa korte ― ang siyang naghihinto ng pagtakbo ng oras o ang prescriptive period na nakatakda para sa prosekusyon ng mga krimen, kasama rito ang mga napapaloob sa 2022 Rules on Expedited Procedures in the First Level Courts (Rules of Expedited Procedures).

Sa Desisyong isinulat ni Associate Justice Henri Jean Paul B. Inting, inabandona ng Korte Suprema En Banc ang naunang mga desisyon noong 2023 sa kaso na Republic v. Desierto at Corpus, Jr. v. People, kung saan idineklara ng Korte Suprema na ang prescriptive period para sa mga krimen na saklaw ng 1991 Revised Rules on Summary Procedure (Rules on Summary Procedure) ay tumitigil lang pag ang kaso ay naisampa na sa korte.

Iginiit ng Korte na ang prescriptive period para sa mga krimen ay tumitigil sa pagtakbo sa pagsasampa ng reklamo sa prosekusyon at pagsisimula ng summary investigation.

Sinabi din ng Korte na habang ang mga kasong kriminal ay dapat na mainam na malutas kaagad, minsan ay hindi maiiwasan ang mga pagkaantala. Samakatuwid, ang Estado, bilang ang agrabyadong partido, ay hindi dapat mapahamak ng mga pagkaantala sa mga paunang pagsisiyasat ng DOJ, kahit na sa mga kasong kriminal sa ilalim ng summary procedure.

Ang desisyon ng Korte Suprema tungkol sa pagkaantala ng prescriptive period para sa pag-uusig ng mga krimen ay ipapatupad lang sa mga darating na kaso.

Bukod pa rito, nilinaw din ng Korte Suprema na sa ilalim ng Section 281 ng 1997 National Internal Revenue Code, ang prescriptive period para sa mga krimen ukol sa tax ay nagsisimula lang mula sa oras na ito ay nadiskubre, kung ito ay hindi agad napag-alaman. Nahihinto ang pag-usad ng prescriptive period sa oras na ang preliminary investigation ay umusad na. Ang interpretasyong ito ay intensyon ng batas – para magtakda ng klarong oras para sa prosekusyon ng paglabag ng batas ukol sa tax – ay nagamit nang wasto.

Basahin ang buong teksto ng press release sa https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/sc-filing-of-complaint-before-doj-stops-prescriptive-period-for-crimes/

Ang buong teksto ng Desisyon sa G.R. No. 258563 (People v. Consebido, Abril 2, 2025) ay ia-upload sa website kapag available na.

Address

2nd Floor D-3 Hawk Real Estate Bldg. P Zamora Corner Sto. Niño Sts. Brgy. 18
Tacloban City
6500

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