Lim Arellano-Lim Law

08/09/2026

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28/08/2026

It is important to stress that criminal prosecution should not be hastily availed as an alternative to filing a civil case for the collection of debts. There must be prima facie evidence with reasonable certainty of conviction as regards the intentional deception or misrepresentation committed by the respondent.

12/08/2026

11/08/2026

29/07/2026

The constitutional right of an accused to counsel remains fully protected. However, such right is not synonymous with the right to be represented by the Public Attorney's Office when the accused is financially capable of engaging the services of private counsel. The services of PAO are intended for litigants who genuinely lack the means to secure private legal representation.

06/06/2026

Reasonable doubt is that doubt engendered by an investigation of the whole proof and an inability, after such investigation, to let the mind rest easy upon the certainty of guilt. Absolute certainty of guilt is not required by the law to convict of any crime charged but moral certainty is required and this certainty is required to every proposition of proof requisite to constitute the offense. The reasonable doubt should necessarily pertain to the facts constituted by the crime charged. Surmises and conjectures have no place in a judicial inquiry and thus are shunned in criminal prosecution. For the accused to be acquitted on reasonable doubt, it must arise from the evidence adduced or from lack of evidence. Reasonable doubt is not such a doubt as any man may start questioning for the sake of a doubt; nor a doubt suggested or surmised without foundation in facts, for it is always possible to question any conclusion derived from the evidence on record.