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13/03/2026

PWEDE BA IKASAL ANG FIRST COUSINS? SECOND COUSINS?

Marriage between first cousins is void and not allowed but marriage between second cousins is legal and allowed under the law.

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13/03/2026

VOID MARRIAGE FROM THE BEGINNING:

Art. 35. The following marriages shall be void from the beginning:

(1) Those contracted by any party below eighteen years of age even with the consent of parents or guardians;

(2) Those solemnized by any person not legally authorized to perform marriages unless such marriages were contracted with either or both parties believing in good faith that the solemnizing officer had the legal authority to do so;

(3) Those solemnized without license, except those covered the preceding Chapter;

(4) Those bigamous or polygamous marriages not failing under Article 41;

(5) Those contracted through mistake of one contracting party as to the identity of the other; and

(6) Those subsequent marriages that are void under Article 53.

Art. 36. A marriage contracted by any party who, at the time of the celebration, was psychologically incapacitated to comply with the essential marital obligations of marriage, shall likewise be void even if such incapacity becomes manifest only after its solemnization

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13/03/2026

VOID MARRAIAGES FOR BEING INCESTUOUS...

Art. 37. Marriages between the following are incestuous and void from the beginning, whether relationship between the parties be legitimate or illegitimate:

(1) Between ascendants and descendants of any degree;
Example: 1) Marriage between parent and child
2) Marriage between grandparent and grandchild

(2) Between brothers and sisters, whether of the full or half blood.

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13/03/2026

VOID MARRIAGES BY REASON FOR REASONS OF PUBLIC POLICY...

Art. 38. The following marriages shall be void from the beginning for reasons of public policy:

(1) Between collateral blood relatives whether legitimate or illegitimate, up to the fourth civil degree;

(2) Between step-parents and step-children;

(3) Between parents-in-law and children-in-law;

(4) Between the adopting parent and the adopted child;

(5) Between the surviving spouse of the adopting parent and the adopted child;

(6) Between the surviving spouse of the adopted child and the adopter;

(7) Between an adopted child and a legitimate child of the adopter;

(8) Between adopted children of the same adopter; and

(9) Between parties where one, with the intention to marry the other, killed that other person's spouse, or his or her own spouse.

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13/03/2026

IS SAME S*X MARRIAGE, VALID IN THE PHILIPPINES?

NO, because of Article 1 of the FAMILY CODE of the Philippines which states that marriage is a union between a man and a woman... Not same s*x.

Article 1. Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life. It is the foundation of the family and an inviolable social institution whose nature, consequences, and incidents are governed by law and not subject to stipulation, except that marriage settlements may fix the property relations during the marriage within the limits provided by this Code.

13/03/2026

LIABILITY OF ANIMAL OWNERS

ARTICLE 2183. The possessor of an animal or whoever may make use of the same is responsible for the damage which it may cause, although it may escape or be lost. This responsibility shall cease only in case the damage should come from force majeure or from the fault of the person who has suffered damage. (1905)

13/03/2026

TYPES OF DAMAGES UNDER THE LAW

DAMAGES refer to monetary compensation awarded to a person who has suffered a loss or injury due to the actions or negligence of another party.

ACTUAL OR COMPENSATORY DAMAGES

Actual or compensatory damages are awarded to compensate for the actual loss or injury suffered by a person. Examples:
• Medical expenses
• Loss of income
• Damage to Property

MORAL DAMAGES

Moral damages are awarded to compensate for emotional distress, mental anguish, and psychological suffering. Moral damages can be awarded in cases involving: Examples:

• Physical injury
• Unlawful or malicious acts
• Defamation
• Violation of privacy
• Emotional Stress

LIQUIDATED DAMAGES

Liquidated damages refer to an amount agreed upon by the parties in a contract, payable in case of breach. This predetermined sum is stipulated in the contract and is enforceable if the breach occurs, provided it is not exorbitant or unconscionable.

NOMINAL DAMAGES

Nominal damages are a small sum awarded when a legal right has been violated, but the plaintiff has not suffered any substantial loss or injury. These damages recognize the infringement of the plaintiff’s rights and serve to uphold the principle of law.

TEMPERATE OR MODERATE DAMAGES

Temperate or moderate damages are awarded when the court finds that the plaintiff has suffered some loss or injury, but the exact amount cannot be determined with certainty. These damages provide reasonable compensation based on the circumstances and evidence presented. (Example: Reckless Imprudence Cases)

EXEMPLARY OR CORRECTIVE DAMAGES

Exemplary or corrective damages are awarded to set a public example and to deter the defendant and others from committing similar acts in the future. These damages are usually granted in addition to actual or moral damages and are applicable in cases involving:
• Fraud
• Gross negligence
• Malicious intent
• Acts that are oppressive or done in bad faith

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13/03/2026

LIABILITY OF BUILDING OWNERS

ARTICLE 2190. The proprietor of a building or structure is responsible for the damages resulting from its total or partial collapse, if it should be due to the lack of necessary repairs. (1907)

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13/03/2026

LIABILITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS

ARTICLE 2189. Provinces, cities and municipalities shall be liable for damages for the death of, or injuries suffered by, any person by reason of the defective condition of roads, streets, bridges, public buildings, and other public works under their control or supervision. (n)

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13/03/2026

LIABILITY OF MANUFACTURERS AND PROCESSORS

ARTICLE 2187. Manufacturers and processors of foodstuffs, drinks, toilet articles and similar goods shall be liable for death or injuries caused by any noxious or harmful substances used, although no contractual relation exists between them and the consumers. (n)

03/03/2026

BUNGA NG MANGGA NA NASA KABILANG BAKOD NG KAPITBAHAY, SINO MAY-ARI?

Ito ang Sinasabi Ng Batas:

ART. 681 ng CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES:
FRUITS NATURALLY FALLING UPON ADJACENT LAND BELONG TO THE OWNER OF THE SAID LAND.

Magiging sayo lamang yan kapag nalaglag na sa lupa. Pero kung naka kabit pa ang bunga sa sanga nito, yong may ari parin ang may karapatan dyan. Maliban na lamang kung pinahintulutan ka niyang kunin ang bunga.

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03/03/2026

ANG LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT PO BA AY AUTOMATIC NA MAY BISA AT DAPAT SUNDIN?

HINDI PO.

Civil Code of the Philippines, Art. 838.
No will shall pass either real or personal property unless it is proved and allowed in accordance with the Rules of Court.

Base po sa nasabing probisyon ng Civil Code, kailangan muna idaan sa korte ang isang WILL para masuri at ma allow bago magkaroon ng bisa sa pamamagitan ng isang Petition for Allowance of Will.

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