Bernabe Law

01/06/2026

𝐈𝐬 𝐢𝐭 𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐝𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐫𝐮𝐠𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐫 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭?

In general, no. Medical consent is required before any drug or treatment is given, except in emergency situations or when specifically allowed by law.

Illegal use, possession, or distribution of dangerous drugs is also prohibited under RA 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002).
In medicine and law, nothing enters the body without permission or lawful reason.

Reference:
Republic Act No. 9165

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25/05/2026

𝐈𝐬 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐩𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞? 📱⚖️

Yes. Making false accusations or statements online that damage a person’s reputation may constitute Cyber Libel, which is punishable under Philippine law.
Freedom of speech does not protect malicious and defamatory statements made through social media, messaging platforms, or websites.

Reference:
Article 353, Revised Penal Code
RA 10175 – Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012

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19/05/2026

𝐃𝐨 𝐈 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐲𝐞𝐭 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐦𝐲 𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐞? 🏡⚖️

Yes—you do.

Under Article 777 of the Civil Code of the Philippines, ownership of inherited property is transferred at the moment of the decedent’s death—not when the title is formally transferred.

This means that even if the land title is still under the name of the deceased, you already acquire rights over the property upon their passing, along with the corresponding legal and tax obligations.

You may need to declare the property for purposes such as:
Estate settlement and taxation; Real property tax compliance; or Future transfer of title to your name. Even without formal transfer, your legal rights—and responsibilities—already exist.

📌 Reminder: It’s important to process the transfer of title and settle estate taxes to avoid penalties and legal complications.

Reference:
Article 777, Civil Code of the Philippines

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11/05/2026

𝐈𝐬 𝐢𝐭 𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥, 𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐮𝐧𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐛𝐭?📞📱

No— RA 11765 or the Financial Products and Services Consumer Protection Act was implemented to protect borrowers from threats, intimidation, harassment, and unfair debt collection practices by lending companies, financing companies, and banks.

While creditors have the right to collect what is owed, they are not allowed to use abusive, repeated, or threatening methods that cause fear or distress. Constant calls, messages at unreasonable hours or threatening language are considered violations of these protections.

You may owe, but you cannot be violated — your rights shall remain protected and harassment can never be justified.

Reference:
Republic Act No. 11765
“Financial Products and Services Consumer Protection Act”

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05/05/2026

𝐂𝐚𝐧 𝐚 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐫 𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬?🏠🔑

Yes! Minors have full rights to inherit under Philippine law. However, since they cannot legally manage property on their own, a legal guardian or representative must act on their behalf until they reach the age of majority.

● Inherited property is automatically theirs regardless of age.
● A guardian may need to administer or manage the estate until the minor turns 18
● Proper documentation, such as court authorization or guardianship papers, may be required for transactions.

Reference:
Articles 149, 176 and 1878 of the Civil Code of the Philippines

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28/04/2026

𝐂𝐚𝐧 𝐈 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐈 𝐭𝐨 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞?⚖️

Yes—you can.

Under Republic Act No. 10175 (Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012), individuals who use digital technologies, including AI, to harass, threaten, or defame others online may be held legally accountable.

You may file a complaint if the act involves: Cyber libel (false statements damaging your reputation); Online harassment or threats; or Misuse of digital platforms to cause harm.

Even if AI is used, the person behind it can still be responsible for the harm caused.

📌 Reminder: Always gather evidence such as screenshots, links, and messages to support your complaint.

Reference:
Republic Act No. 10175 (Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012)

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21/04/2026

𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐞?

Parole is a conditional release granted to a prisoner who has served the minimum period of an indeterminate sentence. It allows the offender to serve the remainder of their sentence in the community under the supervision of a parole officer.

For a person deprived of liberty (PDL) to be eligible for parole review, the following conditions must generally be met:

A. The prisoner must be serving an indeterminate sentence (a sentence with a minimum and maximum term) where the maximum penalty exceeds one year;

B. The prisoner must have served the minimum term of the indeterminate sentence. Note that this term can be reduced by Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA), Special Time Allowance for Loyalty (STAL), and Time Allowance for Study, Teaching, or Mentoring (TASTM);

C. The conviction must be final and executory;

D. The inmate must not have any other pending criminal cases;

E. The inmate must be currently confined in a national, municipal, city, district, or provincial jail.

Reference:
Act No. 4103, or the Indeterminate Sentence Law
(ISLAW)

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13/04/2026

𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐕𝐀𝐓?🧾

According to Title IV of the National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC) of 1997, the Value-Added Tax (VAT) is an indirect tax imposed on the consumption of goods and services.

While the original rate varied, Republic Act No. 9337—the Expanded VAT Law—granted the Bureau of Internal Revenue the authority to increase the rate, which effectively raised the VAT from 10% to 12% in 2006.

This tax is added to the cost of most items bought, rented, or imported into the Philippines. While businesses pay VAT on their own supplies, they pass these costs along the supply chain. Ultimately, the final consumer bears the actual cost of the tax, which the government then collects.

Businesses earning at least ₱3 million a year are required to register for VAT and charge it to customers. If a business earns less than that, they aren’t allowed to add a 12% VAT line to your bill.

They usually just raise their retail prices a little bit to help cover the percentage taxes and the VAT they had to pay when buying their own stock.

Reference:
National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC) of 1997
Republic Act 9337 or the Expanded Value Added Tax (E-VAT) Law of 2005

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06/04/2026

𝐂𝐚𝐧 𝐈 𝐛𝐞 𝐣𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐦𝐲 𝐝𝐞𝐛𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐬 (𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐞, 𝐓𝐢𝐤𝐓𝐨𝐤 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐩 𝐞𝐭𝐜)?📱

No — Under the Philippine Constitution, a person cannot be imprisoned simply for failure to pay a debt. This includes unpaid balances from online shopping platforms or “buy now, pay later” services.

However, this does not mean the debt disappears. The creditor may still:
• Send payment reminders or collection notices
• Refer the account to a collection agency
• File a civil case for collection of sum of money
In certain situations, criminal liability may arise if the debt involves fraud, deception, or the issuance of bouncing checks, which are punished under separate laws. Failing to pay your online purchases may also affect your credit standing with lending platforms. Understanding your legal rights and obligations can help you avoid bigger legal problems in the future.

Reference:
Article III, Section 20, 1987 Philippine Constitution – “No person shall be imprisoned for debt.”

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01/04/2026