21/05/2024
What happens if a person dies intestate or without a will?
When someone passes away without a will, their estate enters a legal process called Intestate Succession. This process, governed by the Civil Code, determines how the estate is distributed. It's important to note that in the absence of a valid will, the distribution of the estate may not align with the deceased's wishes.
The primary aim of intestate succession laws is to distribute the estate in a manner that is presumed to protect the closest family members. These laws prioritize spouses, children, grandparents, and siblings in a specific hierarchy.
The marital property regime of the marriage can impact the outcome of the probate proceedings. Whether a marriage is governed by community property or separate property provisions, this can significantly affect the distribution of the deceased's estate.
This is how the deceased's estate will be distributed if they die without a will:
-If the deceased was unmarried, the estate will first pass to the children; if the absence children, it will pass to the grandparents; in the absence of grandparents, it will pass to the siblings.
-If the deceased was married in a separate property regime, the estate will be distributed to the surviving spouse and the children. In the absence of children, it will pass to the grandparents, and in the absence of grandparents, it will pass to the siblings.
-If the deceased was married in a community property regime, half of the assets acquired before marriage will be distributed to the surviving spouse and the other half to the children. In the absence of children, the assets will pass to the grandparents; and in the absence of grandparents, it will pass to the siblings.
-If the deceased was married in a community property regime, half of the assets acquired during the marriage belong to the surviving spouse, and the other half will be distributed between the surviving spouse and the children. In the absence of children, it will be distributed to the grandparents, and in the absence of grandparents, it will be distributed to the siblings.
-In the absence of a spouse, ascendants, descendants, or any other relative or potential heir claiming a right to the descendant's estate, the estate will pass to the Government.
The following assets do not go through probate or intestate succession laws:
-Real estate held in a bank trust (fideicomiso).
-Real estate or assets held in a living trust.
-Bank accounts with a named beneficiary.
-Life insurance with a named beneficiary.