14/12/2021
Jabalpur Arbitration Lawyer Advocate Arbitration Tribunal Bhopal
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Arbitration Definition
Arbitration, a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), is a legal technique for the resolution of disputes outside the courts, where the parties to a dispute refer it to one or more persons (the “arbitrators”, “arbiters” or “arbitral tribunal”), by whose decision (the “award”) they agree to be bound. It is a settlement technique in which a third party reviews the case and imposes a decision that is legally binding for both sides. Other forms of ADR include mediation (a form of settlement negotiation facilitated by a neutral third party) and non-binding resolution by experts. Arbitration is often used for the resolution of commercial disputes, particularly in the context of international commercial transactions. The use of arbitration is also frequently employed in consumer and employment matters, where arbitration may be mandated by the terms of employment or commercial contracts. Arbitration can be either voluntary or mandatory (although mandatory arbitration can only come from a statute or from a contract that is voluntarily entered into, where the parties agree to hold all disputes to arbitration, without knowing, specifically, what disputes will ever occur) and can be either binding or non-binding. Non-binding arbitration is, on the surface, similar to mediation. However, the principal distinction is that whereas a mediator will try to help the parties find a middle ground on which to compromise, the (non-binding) arbitrator remains totally removed from the settlement process and will only give a determination of liability and, if appropriate, an indication of the quantum of damages payable.
Conciliation Definition
Conciliation is an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) process whereby the parties to a dispute (including future interest disputes) agree to utilize the services of a conciliator, who then meets with the parties separately in an attempt to resolve their differences. They do this by lowering tensions, improving communications, interpreting issues, providing technical assistance, exploring potential solutions and bringing about a negotiated settlement. Conciliation differs from arbitration in that the conciliation process, in and of itself, has no legal standing, and the conciliator usually has no authority to seek evidence or call witnesses, usually writes no decision, and makes no award. Conciliation differs from mediation in that the main goal is to conciliate, most of the time by seeking concessions. In mediation, the mediator tries to guide the discussion in a way that optimizes parties needs, takes feelings into account and reframes representations. In conciliation the parties seldom, if ever, actually face each other across the table in the presence of the conciliator.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) (also known as external dispute resolution in some countries, such as Australia) includesdispute resolution processes and techniques that act as a means for disagreeing parties to come to an agreement short of litigation. ADR basically is an alternative to a formal court hearing or litigation. It is a collective term for the ways that parties can settle disputes, with (or without) the help of a third party. ADR are ways and methods of resolving disputes outside the judicial process (formal litigation – court).
History, origins and meaning of Arbitration
Arbitration is generally defined to mean the determination of disputes between parties by a person appointed or chosen by them (arbiter). It is thus an informal method of dispute resolution with flexibility in procedures and rules. As a method of dispensing justice, arbitration is not a modern phenomenon. The Western idea of private arbitration can be traced back to the Roman and Canon law. Arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism was used in Common Law since the 14th Century. However arbitration and other methods of dispute resolution have become of considerable significance after the 19th Century, with the advent of trans-national trade and commerce and with a view to have speedy and inexpensive means of resolving grievances. Thus there is a clause for arbitration in most modern day trading contracts.
History of panchayats dispensing justice
However in India, panchayats (both village and the notorious ‘khap’ caste panchayats) have been arbitrating on property disputes, torts and even criminal offences like murder and r**e since time immemorial. Panchayat (literally five wise men) is a representative body of the members of a particular caste or village (usually headed by the elder most people or the most respected and experienced elder). One of the most important functions of these panchayats is the dispensing of justice.
Arbitration Award
An arbitration award (or arbitral award) is a determination on the merits by an arbitration tribunal in an arbitration, and is analogous to a judgment in a court of law. It is referred to as an ‘award’ even where all of the claimant’s claims fail (and thus no money needs to be paid by either party), or the award is of a non-monetary nature.
Although arbitration awards are characteristically an award of damages against a party, tribunals usually have a range of remedies that can form a part of the award.
the tribunal may order the payment of a sum of money (conventional damages)
the tribunal may make a “declaration” as to any matter to be determined in the proceedings
in most jurisdictions, the tribunal has the same power as a court to:
order a party to do or refrain from doing something (“injunctive relief”)
to order specific performance of a contract
to order the rectification, setting aside or cancellation of a deed or other document.
The legal requirements relating to the making of awards vary from country to country and, in some cases, according to the terms of the arbitration agreement. Although in most countries, awards can be oral, this is relatively uncommon and they are usually delivered in writing.
By way of example, in the United Kingdom, the following are requirements under the Arbitration Act 1996 which the award must comply with, unless the parties agree to vary them under section 52 of the Act:
the award must be in writing and signed by all of the arbitrators assenting to the award (dissenting minority arbitrators need not sign unless the parties agree that they must);
the award must contain reasons;
the award must state the “seat” of the arbitration (the place where the arbitration took place); and
the award must state the date upon which it is made. This is important for the calculation of interest, and determination of time limits.
Many countries have similar requirements, but most permit the parties to vary the conditions, which reflects the fact that arbitration is a party-driven process.
Arbitration Lawyers
Our arbitration lawyers and arbitrators include those who have undertaken arbitration in the Asia. They understand the multi-cultural and the multi-jurisdictional aspects of international business in this age of globalization. They those educated at Leading Law School & University in India. They believe in high moral and legal ethics. We assist our clients with resolution of disputes in all areas of general and special practices, including commerce, finance and industry. Our highly trained & experienced attorneys endeavor to prevent disputes by ensuring proper documentation and by tactfully handling the matter. However, in cases where disputes cannot be prevented, we take utmost care in preparation of our client’s case and ensure that the client gets the best advice and support in resolving their disputes. Our attorneys are highly experience and has dealt with hundreds of arbitration & conciliation in India and overseas, including:
Negotiations
Conciliation
Preparing and presenting the case before arbitrator
Domestic and International Arbitration
Enforcement of Awards…
Arbitration Lawyer Advocate, Jabalpur, Arbitration Lawyers Advocates, Bhopal, Arbitration Tribunal, Jabalpur Arbitration Lawyer Advocate Arbitration Tribunal Bhopal
