GIRI & Associates

GIRI & Associates A dedicated and compassionate professional Advocate enrolled with the Bar Council of Delhi in 2008.

Practiced in civil, criminal, matrimonial, appellate and writ matters including commercial and arbitration matters.

SECTION 138NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT ACTDocuments to be annexed with the Complaint: 1. One pager Performa as prescribed unde...
28/04/2022

SECTION 138
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT ACT

Documents to be annexed with the Complaint:

1. One pager Performa as prescribed under the NI Act to be appended as the cover note on the Complaint.
2. Original Cheque.
3. Original Cheque Return Memo issued by the Bank.
4. Copy of Legal Notice.
5. Original Postal Receipt.
6. Copy of Acknowledgement of due service (if any) [Track report may be attached].
7. Proof of lawful debt or liability (if any).
8. Authorisation letter / Power of Attorney / Board Resolution (in case of Company or Partnership Firm)
9. An affidavit in support of the compliant verifying its particulars 10. An Evidence Affidavit under Section 200 of Code of Criminal Procedure of complaina.

Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), 1973As per the Hindu Marriage Act, divorce maintenance is about the h...
27/04/2022

Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), 1973

As per the Hindu Marriage Act, divorce maintenance is about the husband providing financial support for his wife’s living expenses. Generally, it’s not just the wife but the children and her parents are equally entitled to receiving financial aid from the father/husband/son-in-law.

There are some provisions that give the wife the right to claim maintenance from her husband. Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), 1973 provides an effective remedy for neglected persons to seek maintenance, especially for a wife in India.

The law has laid down certain rules to follow in case of providing a specified amount of maintenance, which is applicable due to terms & conditions.

Maintenance Rights of a Divorced Woman in India
Maintenance laws and rules differ from religion to religion. The amount of maintenance fixed by the court depends upon the monthly income of the husband, the income of the wife, his financial status, among other things. India being a democratic country provides its citizens with various laws which are essential in earning a livelihood. A woman is considered as a legal “Wife” of a man, only if their marriage hasn’t proved to be null and void. From the right to the residence at the house of her husband to have an equal share in the property, a legally wedded wife enjoys many rights.

As per the maintenance laws & rights, it is the duty of the husband to pay his wife a lump-sum or monthly payment, known as maintenance, where the maintenance without divorce or after a divorce has to be paid. The amount of maintenance is either decided by a mutual settlement between the husband and wife, or in accordance with the order received from the court. It is the women’s right after divorce in India.

Section 498A in The Indian Penal CodeIPC 498A Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.—Whoev...
26/04/2022

Section 498A in The Indian Penal Code

IPC 498A Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.—Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be pun­ished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.—For the purpose of this section, “cruelty” means—
(a) any wilful conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the woman to commit su***de or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health (whether mental or physical) of the woman; or
(b) harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any property or valuable security or is on account of failure by her or any person related to her to meet such demand.

According to Section 7 of the Hindu Marriage Act:A Hindu marriage may be solemnized in accordance with the customary rit...
25/04/2022

According to Section 7 of the Hindu Marriage Act:
A Hindu marriage may be solemnized in accordance with the customary rites and ceremonies of either party thereto.
Where such rites and ceremonies include the saptpadi (that is, the taking of seven steps by the bridegroom and the bride jointly before the sacred fire), the marriage becomes complete and binding when the seventh step is taken.
Before the codification, it was a rule that the marriage should be solemnized according to shastric or customary rites. If the necessary ceremonies are not performed then it is not a valid marriage.

The Hindu marriage as contemplated by the Act is a ceremonial marriage and it must be solemnised in accordance with the customary rites and ceremonies of one of the two parties and the word 'solemnise' means, 'to celebrate the marriage with proper ceremonies and in due form'.

What amounts to customary rites or mandatory ceremonies is not clear. Once the law says necessary ceremonies are saptapadi and on the other hand the same law says it is not. Reference: Shakuntalabai and Anr v. L.V. Kulkarni and Anr, AIR 1989 SC 1359.

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