Adem Laws Page

23/11/2025

Yakka Ittisuu Vs Hirmaannaa Hawaasaa
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Galma sirna haqaa yakkaa biyya keenyaa keessaa tokko sirna hirmaannaa hawaasaa ol aanaa ta’e mirkaneessuu akka ta’e imaammata seera yakkaa lakk-1.3(d) jalatti ibsameera. Imaammatichi ittisa yakkaa fi namoota yakka raawwatan gara seeraatti dhiyeessuu irratti hirmaannaan hawaasaa daran kan barbaachisu ta'uu kaa'a. Kunis yakki dantaa hawaasa bal’aa kan miidhu ta'uu isaa fi ittisni yaakkaas hirmaanna hawaasa balla'aa kan gaafatu ta'uun ni hubatama. Dabalataan imaammatni seera yakkaa lakk -3.2. jalatti yakkoota raawwataman gabaasuu fi sirna bulchiinsa haqaa yakkaa keessatti wantoota raawwataman keessatti hawaasni hirmaannaa akka qabaatuuf haalli mijataa uumamuu akka qabu akka qajeeltootti kaa’era.
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Seerri yakkaa biyya keenyaas imaammata kana hojiirra oolchuuf. Namni yakki erga raawwatee booda nama yakka raawwate gargaare haalawwan sadiin akka yakka mataa isaa danda’e raawwatetti fudhatamee adabama.
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Kuniis Yakka nama yakkaan Himatamuu danda'u dhoksuu fi gargaaruu, Yakka Raawwatame Beeksisuu dhiisuu fi yakka Nama Yakka Raawwatee adabamee miliqsuuti. Yakkoonni kunniin yakka nama biraan raawwate booda yakkaa of danda'anii raawwatamanii dha. Yakkootni kunniin yakki biraan tokko erga raawwatamee booda kan raawwataman waan ta’eef akka hirmaannaa yakkaatti kan fudhataman miti.
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Yakkota kana yoo ilaale fakkeenyaaf gocha nama yakkaan himatamu dursee akeekkachiisuunis ta’e dhoksuun himatamee akka hin dhiyaanne raawwachuun kan gargaare yoo ta’e keewwata -445 jalatti yakka dhoksuu fi gargaaruutiin itti gaafatamaa akka ta'u tumeera. Kunis nama yakka raawwatee poolisiin ykn qaama seeraan barbaadamaa jiru tokko odeeffannoo kennuudhaan akka miliqu gochuun yakka mataa isaa danda’ee fi yakkaan adabsiisu dha. Akka tumaa seeraa kanaatti yaada nama gocha yakkaan himatamuu danda'u tokko akka seeratti hin dhiyaanne qabaachuun dhoksuun fi gargaaruun yakkaan adabsiisa. Ulaagaan barbaachisu inni gargaarsa kenne nama yakkaan himatamu ta’uu osoo beekuu kan gargaare ta’uu dha.
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Yakka raawwatamuuf jedhu yookaan kan raawwatame qaama dhimmi ilaaluuf gabaasuu ykn beeksisu dha. Inni kun yakka dhimmoota dantaa uummataa fi biyyattii irratti hubaatii olaanaa geessisuu danda’an yookan geessisan ilaalchisee haala dirqisiisaa ta’een lammiileen beeksisuu akka qaban, kana raawwachuu dhabuun immoo mataa isaatiin iyyuu yakka akka ta’e tumameera.
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Kunis namoota yakka nageenya biyyaa irratti raawwachuuf qophii godhan al kallattiin gargaaruu (Seericha kwt- 254) fi yakkoota raayyaa ittisaa fi dirqamoota loltummaa irratti raawwataman beeksisuu dhabuu (kew-335) mataan isaa yakka of danda'e waan ta'eef kan adabsiisudha. Bu’uura tumaalee kanaan yakkootni adda bahanii ibsaman raawwatamuuf sadarkaa qophii irra kan jiran yoo ta’e illee dirqamni beeksisuu kaa’ameera. Dabalataan dirqamni beeksisuu bu'ura seericha kwt- 443 tiin lammiileen yakkoota ciccimoo raawwataman qaama ilaallatutti beeksisuu akka qabanii fi kana gochuu dhabuun yakka ta’ee kan adabsiisu ta’uu tumameera.
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Inni dhumaa namni kamiyyuu adabbiifi tarkaanfii eeggannoo mana murtiin yakkamaa tokko irratti murtaa’e haala kamiiniyyuu akka hin raawwatamne kan taasise yoo ta'e seera yakka kwt.-460 jalati yakka of danda'e waan ta'eef kan adabsiisu dha.
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22/11/2025

DHIMMWF 219931 Dhaddacha Ebila 28, 2014 oole irratti ''Hadaraa Maallaqa Doolaraa Nama bira waliigaltee Afaaniin kaayame'' deebisanii gaafachuu ilaalchise murtii dirqisiisaa kanneera.
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Dubbiin akkana! Deebi kennaan himanna bu'ura waliigaltee imaanaa afaaniin iyyataa ammaa waliin gaafa 22/12/2012 taasiseen maallaqa doollara Ameerikaa 225,000 kan bira kaayee ture fi kana keessa Doolara 126,000 akkaataa waliigalteen waan naaf deebisuu dhabeef akka naaf deebisuu jechuun M/Murtii Olaana Federalaatti himate.
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Manni Murtichaas dhimmicha ilaale himannaan dhiyaate sababa himannoo hin qabu jechuun murteesse. Manni murti Waliigala immoo dhimmichi bu'ura SHH kwt-1716(1)tiin seeraan ala akka hin taane murteessuudhaan, dhimmicha haadhoo irratti akka murteessuuf MMOtii deebiseera.
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Ijoo kan tahees waliigaltee maallaqa biyya alaa baay’ee Itoophiyaa keessa galchuuf kun waliigaltee seeraan alaa ta’uu fi manneen murtii waliigaltee akkasii raawwachiisuuf aangoo qabaachuu fi dhiisuu isaati.
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DHIMMWF dhimma sababa himannoo qabaachuu markanaa'u qaba. Dhimma mana murtiin murtaa'uu danda'u ta'uu fi ulaagaalee dirqamaa waliigaltee tokkoof barbaachisan guutuu isaa mirkaneeffachuun dirqama mana murtiiti. Bu’uurri himannichaa uumamaan seeraan ala waan ta’ee fi seeraan hojiirra oolchuu kan hin danda'amne yoo ta’e sababa himannaa hin qabu jechuun murtii kanneera. Waliigaltee seeraan alaa raawwachiisuuf himannaa dhiyaate bu'ureeffachuun murtii kannuun dogoggora seeraa bu’uuraati.
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Dhaddachi akka sababaatti kaase, ulaagaa fi kaayyoo SHH kwt-1678(b) waliigalteen tokko kaayyoo fi dhimma seera qabeessa ta’e irratti hundaa’uu qaba. Gochi maallaqa biyya alaa (doolaara) hadaraan kaayuu bu’uura seera yakkaa kwt- 346tiin gocha yakkaati. Kana malees, hanga maallaqa biyya alaa himannicha keessatti ibsame qabachuun Labsii Baankii Biyyaalessaa 591/2000 kwt- 26 kan cabsu dha. Addatti Qajeelfama Baankii Biyyaalessaa Lakk FXD 49/2017tiin kan daangeffame dha.
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DHIMMWF Murtii kana yeroo kannu murtii dirqisiisaa mataa isaa lakk galmee 27739 tahe irratti kanne ture irrattis himannaan waliigaltee seeraan alaa raawwachiisuuf dhiyaatu kamiyyuu sababa himannaa kan hin qabnedha jechuun Murtii MMW diiguun Murtii MMO cimsuun murteessera.
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https://t.me/ademlaws

14/11/2025

DHIMMWF Lakk Galmee: 153231 tahe irratti dhaddacha gaafa 25/01/2011 oole kanneen dhimma murtii xumura argate ta'ee haala addaan dhimma murtii dhumaa argate kan hin jechiisiifne(exception to Res Judicata) ta'uu ilaalchisee murtii dirqisiisa ajaa'aba kannera.
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Kunis kafaltii qabeenya dhaalaa eega gaggeeffame booda kafaltii qabeenya dhaalmaa keessatti hammatamu /galuu qabu boodarra kan argame yoo tahe kafaltii qabeenya dhaalmaa jedhamee haaratti gaafachuun akka danda'amuu fi kana haaraatti gaafachuun dhimma murtiin xumura argate jechuun falmiin ka'u fudhatama kan hin qabne tahuu DHIMMWF lakk galme 153231 tahe dhaddacha gaafa 25/01/2011 ooleen murtii dirqisiisaa kanneer.
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(ውርስ ንብረት ክፍያ ከተደረገ በኋላ በክፍያ ውስጥ ያልገቡ በውርሱ ንብረት ውስጥ ገብተው የሚቆጠሩ አዲስ ሀብቶች የተገኙ እንደሆነ አዲስ የክፍያ ስርዓት መፈፀም የሚቻል ስለመሆኑ ).
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10/11/2025

Dhaddachi Ijibbaataa Mana Murtii Waliigalaa Federaalaa Jildii 10ffaa LGMM 392147 irratti Falmiin Mana Murtii sadarkaa duraatti hin kaane Mana Murtii Oliyyannaa dhagahutti bifa haarawaan kaasanii falmuun kan hin danda’amne tahuu SDFHH kwt.329(1) waliin wal qabsiisuun Murtii dirqisiisaa kennee ture.

Dhaddachi Ijibbaataa Mana Murtii Waliigalaa Federaalaa Jildii 10ffaa LGMM 392147  irratti  Falmiin Mana Murtii sadarkaa duraatti hin kaane Mana Murtii Oliyyannaa dhagahutti bifa haarawaan…

03/11/2025

Kunis walitti bu’iinsa konkolaattota mootoraa lamaatiin miidhaa dhaqqabe ilaalchisee bu'ura SHH kwt- 2084(1) tiin konkolaataan tokkoon tokkoon isaa isa kaan irratti miidhaa geessiseera jedhu tilmaama seeraa kan kaayudha. Akkasumaas 2084(2)tiin tokko tokkoon abbaa qabeenyaa itti gaafatamummaa miidhaa waliigalaa keessaa walakkaaf itti gaafatamummaa qaba kan jedhudha. ======. =======. =======. =======. Haa tahu garuu yoo balaan sun addatti ykn guutummaatti badii konkolaachisaa tokkoon akka mudate ta'uun isaa kan mirkanaa’e yoo tahe dhimmichi gaafatamummaa balleessaa malee jalaa bahee gaafatamummaa balleessaa jala kan galu dha....

Kunis walitti bu’iinsa konkolaattota mootoraa lamaatiin miidhaa dhaqqabe ilaalchisee bu’ura SHH kwt- 2084(1) tiin konkolaataan tokkoon tokkoon isaa isa kaan irratti miidhaa geessiseera jedhu…

22/10/2025

====================Kunis murtii mormii sadarkaa duraa irratti M/Murtii Ol’iyyannoo dhagahuun kennamu irraa gareen komii qabu eega dhimmichi qajeelfamaan M/Murtii sadarkaa jalqabaatti deebi’uun ijoo haadhoo irratti murtiin dhumaa kenname booda bakka tokkotti komii isaa Mana Murtii ol’iyyannoo dhagahutti ykn Dhaddacha Ijibbaataa ilaalutti dhiyeeffachuu akka danda’uu fi otuu dhimmichi ijoo bu’uraa irratti murtii dhumaa hinargatin murtii mormii sadarkaa duraa irratti kenname irraa battalumatti ol’iyyachuuf kan hindirqamne akka ta’e kallattiin hiikkoo seeraa dirqisiisaa laateers....

====================Kunis murtii mormii sadarkaa duraa irratti M/Murtii Ol’iyyannoo dhagahuun kennamu irraa gareen komii qabu eega dhimmichi qajeelfamaan M/Murtii sadarkaa jalqabaatti deebi’uun i…

21/10/2025

In any marriage, it’s natural to think of finances collectively: “our” car, “our” savings, “our” expenses. This deeply ingrained social understanding is codified in Ethiopian law, which establishes a core “legal presumption” that any money spent during a marriage is for the common good of the family. This principle is designed to foster trust and eliminate the need for spouses to meticulously track every single expenditure....

In any marriage, it’s natural to think of finances collectively: “our” car, “our” savings, “our” expenses. This deeply ingrained social understanding is codified in Ethiopian law, which establishes…

20/10/2025

To keep a suspect in custody without filing charges after the given time for filing charges has expired is considered as holding them in custody outside the procedure provided by law or arbitrarily, which is prohibited by Art-17(2) of the FDRE Constitution and Art- 9(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. ======================= FS Court Cassation Bench established that court-ordered deadlines of 15 days to open the charge against applicant are not mere suggestions....

To keep a suspect in custody without filing charges after the given time for filing charges has expired is considered as holding them in custody outside the procedure provided by law or arbitrarily…

19/10/2025

Imagine a criminal trial nearing its end. Evidence has been presented, arguments made, and the judge is about to render a verdict. Then, a "smoking gun", evidence so crucial it reframes the entire case, suddenly surfaces. A fascinating case from Federal Cassation Bench provides a powerful answer, establishing a clear hierarchy of judicial principles: procedural integrity aimed at discovering the truth is a precondition for justice, while speed is a characteristic of its proper administration....

Imagine a criminal trial nearing its end. Evidence has been presented, arguments made, and the judge is about to render a verdict. Then, a “smoking gun”, evidence so crucial it reframes…

16/10/2025

Cassation Decision No. 182212: 26/3/2012 E.C Your Address Can't Keep You in Jail
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Imagine you are arrested for a crime while traveling or working in a town far from your home. As you sit in a police station or a courtroom, a particular fear begins to creep in—not just about the charge itself, but about your address. You worry that the prosecutor and the judge will see your distant hometown on your ID and immediately label you a "flight risk."
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The case involved a man from Adama who was charged in Nekemte with the alleged illegal transportation of 28 quintals of coffee, valued at 200,000 birr. The applicant with other were charged with violating Criminal Law Article 32 (1) (a) and Oromia Region Coffee Quality Control and Trade Proclamation No. 160/2002 Article 23 (4). The law under which the defendants were charged is not one that prohibits the right to bail. Applicant challenged the common assumption that a person's home address can be used as a primary reason to deny them their fundamental right to bail.
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This post will unpack the most significant, and often surprising, principles from this landmark ruling. One a person's distant home address is not a sufficient legal reason, on its own, to deny their right to bail.
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In the case, the prosecutor argued against bail on two grounds: that the accused might tamper with witnesses and that his distant address made him a flight risk. The lower courts correctly dismissed the flimsy witness tampering argument but then erred by accepting the second. They repeatedly denied the man's request for bail for one primary reason: they feared that the distance between Adama and Nekemte made his voluntary return for trial "doubtful." The Cassation Bench unequivocally rejected this logic. This is a crucial clarification of the law, as it prevents a person's place of residence—a simple fact of their life—from becoming an automatic penalty that costs them their liberty.
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If a judge has concerns, the proper course is to verify whether the accused is known at their stated address through the appropriate local body. This is providing a workable, rights-respecting solution for future cases. The court's definitive statement on the matter leaves no room for ambiguity
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The Right to Bail is directly linked to Freedom of Movement. It grounded its decision in one of the most fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution. The ruling explicitly connected the denial of bail based on address to Article 32(1) of the FDRE Constitution, which guarantees every citizen the right to move and establish a residence anywhere within Ethiopia.
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The Bench reiterated that, the justice system cannot punish a citizen for exercising their constitutional right to freedom of movement. By denying bail solely because a person lives "far away," the lower courts were inadvertently penalizing them for living where the constitution gives them every right to live.
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Innocent Until Proven Guilty" Is a Principle with Teeth. The right to bail is not a minor privilege; it's a direct extension of the "presumption of innocence" a cornerstone of any fair legal system. In general, Pre-trial detention must be the exception, not the rule, because the default position of the justice system must be to protect a person's liberty before they are proven guilty. The Bench recognized that keeping an unconvicted person in jail fundamentally hampers their ability to work with their lawyer, gather evidence, and build a robust defense for trial.
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So Judge's "Feeling" Isn't Enough to Deny Freedom. Article 67 of the CPC gives judges discretion in bail. It allows a judge to deny bail if they presume the accused is unlikely to show up for court. However, this decision placed a crucial limit on this judicial power that a judge's presumption cannot be arbitrary or based on a whim. It must be founded on "sufficient and legal reasons." A distant home address, does not meet this standard.
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15/10/2025

Part one ……
What Is The Fate Of the Frozen Case File? Cassation Number 257851 and 247494 vs. Constitutional Judicial Independence, Access to Justice and Procedural Fairness under FDRE Legal Systems
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A Court Can't Issue an Administrative 'Pause Button' on Justice. Oromia region's Supreme Court issued internal circular. This circular ordered to halt cases involving disputes between residents of Oromia and Addis Ababa. The reason? The court wanted to wait until a separate constitutional question about jurisdiction was settled.
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In the first place court’s internal circular directive is an administrative act, not a judicial one. Using such a tool to freeze a live proceeding fundamentally infringes upon the principle of judicial independence, a right guaranteed by Article 79 of the Ethiopian Constitution. The decision to proceed with a case belongs to the specific bench hearing it, not a blanket administrative order.
Second, the lower court had compounded the error by misapplying the directive. For instance, the cases whose parties were from Oromia and Harari were paused. But the directive shouldn't have applied to them.
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Second, a pending question doesn't invalidate an existing law by itself. Oromia Supreme Court issued order because it was waiting for the House of Federation to rule on whether giving federal courts jurisdiction in cross-regional civil cases was constitutional. But law remains in full force until it is officially interpreted otherwise or struck down. The law as it currently stands—specifically, Federal Courts Proclamation No. 1234/2013 must be applied by all courts. A pending request for constitutional interpretation does not grant any court the authority to suspend an active law. The core legal principle essential for preventing indefinite legal limbo is the principle that justice delayed is justice denied is a cornerstone of a fair legal system. Indefinitely halting proceedings violates the fundamental constitutional right of citizens to access justice (FDRE Constitution Art. 37).
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The Third is Civil disputes between residents of different regional states are considered federal matters. This jurisdiction is not implied; it is explicitly granted to Federal Courts by Proclamation No. 1234/2013 (Art. 5(1)(h). Whether this legal provision is constitutional or not is another issue. In my view, this provision needs constitutional interpretation! But in due course of pending constitutional interpretation, in a complex and evolving federal system, how do we ensure the fundamental right to justice isn't lost in the very machinery designed to deliver it? Oromia high Court can and often do hear federal cases under a system of delegated authority outlined in the Constitution (Art. 80(4)). This means the Oromia court was essentially "wearing a federal hat" when hearing the case.
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The other is, even though Federal Supreme Court render two binding Precedents in this regard, the frozen case file are still unfrozen. The order halting cases between residents of two regions or regions and Finfine or Dire Dawa are not uniformly applied while some Oromia Courts disregard the administrative order and doing such cases as normal, constitutional delegation. This also exacerbate inequality of access to justice among citizens.
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Federal supreme court cassation passed two binding Precedents both Protecting the Path to a Verdict. Cassation Number 257851 and Cassation Number 247494 where it had already ruled that suspending cases based on such circular directives was a "fundamental error of law. Decisions made by the Federal Cassation Division are legally binding on all courts in the country—from the lowest regional courts to other federal benches. .
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But in due course of pending constitutional interpretation, in a complex and evolving federal system, how do we ensure the fundamental right to justice isn't lost in the very machinery designed to deliver it?
Part two will continue!