Sovereign Chambers of Law - SCL

Sovereign Chambers of Law - SCL The Art of Law.™ Our goal is to provide top quality legal services promptly, efficiently and with excellence. Why Choose Us?

Sovereign Chambers of Law (SCL) is a well reputed law chamber established through a partnership between several Barristers-at-Law, who are also enrolled Advocates of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, specializing in criminal, civil, immigration, labour, writ, banking, corporate, commercial and real estate sectors. Having regard to the multi dimensional nature of most corporate, banking and commerci

al entities and their deals, we offer a composite range of services to our clients from under one roof. In SCL, we believe in team effort, and have developed a team devoted to the legal profession. The team is young and promising, hardworking and confident. We are inspired by honesty, dedication and integrity. Our team has all the talent and intellectual capacity required to go into the root of any legal or extra-legal problem, and to undertake extensive research and for the purpose of coming up with practical solutions in the context of Bangladesh, and where, in the context of Laws of any foreign nation. Among other things, our team also includes a dual citizen of Britain and Bangladesh, who is also a Barrister-at-Law called to the Bar of England and Wales by the Honourable Society of Gray’s Inn, and has worked at the Royal Court of Justice, Strand, London, and hence we are able to render all legal services including foreign investment and other matters. Our team has an excellent working environment and is fully supported by all modern facilities that are required to produce prompt and quality legal service, efficiently and with excellence. Client-centred Approach ~ Our goal is to reduce the stress associated with your legal situation by explaining every step of the process and taking the time to answer your questions. At the Sovereign Chambers of Law, we will listen to you, answer your questions, and give you clear explanations of what your options are step by step. Thorough & Diligent Representation ~ SCL expends the time and energy to learn the details of the case, read the files, and acquire a thorough understanding of the law. The competent and qualified representation that clients receive at the SCL Law Firm helps to put them at ease and allay any fears and concerns they may have, knowing their legal interests are being properly cared for and protected. Outstanding Reputation ~ SCL has built a successful firm in large part based on client referrals. There is no better way to measure the quality of a legal firm than by asking former clients about the experiences they have had. At the SCL Law Firm, we have built an excellent reputation in the community and work diligently to be worthy of the compelling endorsement we receive from our clients. Responsive to Client Needs ~ The speed of service is tempered by the need to be thorough. SCL works closely with clients to ensure that he understands the results they seek to achieve and to address their unique needs and individual situations in order to customize solutions that fit their particular problems. Trusted Partner – SCL provides the highest degree of personal care and attention. Clients receive the power and fight of a big firm with the close personal care and attention of a trusted partner and friend. SCL takes great care in nurturing close client relationships and establishing open lines of communication with clients, counseling them as they strive to achieve a positive result. Sophisticated Law Experience – In delivering positive results for individuals and families, SCL draws on decades of legal experience, handling complex cases that have given him an added advantage in resolving issues. With years of experience, SCL has acquired the skills and experience to handle every aspect of even the most complex and sophisticated cases. Recognized Community Standing ~ The SCL has achieved an honorable reputation in the community. It is recognized for his high moral and ethical standards. We are passionate about what we do and work to make a difference in the community and in the lives of his clients.

27/09/2025

Bought land in multiple plots but possession in one plot – what is the legal solution?

If you have purchased land from different plots (dag numbers) but completed mutation (name registration) in just one plot, and are also in possession of that single plot, then the question arises: will this deed or mutation remain valid in the future? Will you legally be able to hold possession in just one plot? There are many opinions and questions regarding this.

Remember: if you purchase land from different plots, the mutation must also be done separately for each plot. Mutating everything under a single plot is not legally valid and carries a strong risk of being canceled in the future. For example, if a deed states that 5 decimals were purchased from one plot, 3 decimals from another, and 2 decimals from yet another, then no matter where the buyer actually takes possession, the mutation must be done separately under each respective plot. Combining them all into a single plot through mutation is unlawful and may be declared void by the court.

Therefore, if co-sharers or deprived heirs file a case in the future, the court will easily identify that the seller’s ownership was limited, but the deed shows more land than they legally held. In such cases, not only the mutation but even the deed itself can be canceled. Thus, the only lawful solution is to mutate land plot by plot. If you wish to use land in one specific plot in practice, you must do a formal exchange (recorded in a registered deed) with your co-sharers. Otherwise, keeping possession of portions where the seller had no ownership will be considered illegal and may create serious complications.

Read more: If the land is yours but someone else has possession – what should you do?

Another important point: before purchasing any share of jointly owned (sharika) land, you must thoroughly verify all documents, including land records, inheritance certificates, and deeds. If you don’t, you risk spending your hard-earned money only to end up “buying lawsuits.”

So, if the heirs have already executed a mutually agreed partition deed (aposh bantanama), then each person can register (mutate) land in their specific portion of a particular plot. For example, if someone’s share is 10 decimals and that portion has been allocated from a single plot, then they can complete the mutation only in that plot and thereafter enjoy full ownership rights, including the ability to sell or transfer the land.

For sellers of jointly owned land: if you do not divide the land formally and rely only on the inheritance certificate for mutation, then ownership will remain plot by plot, and you can only sell according to that. But if you complete a partition deed and take land specifically from one plot, then you become the lawful owner of that plot portion only, gaining full legal rights to sell or transfer it.

Recently, the Ministry of Land has clarified in a circular that selling a portion from a single plot without a registered partition deed will not be legally valid. Therefore, for legal protection, it is essential to execute and register a partition deed.

24/02/2025

The Right of Muslim Women to Divorce

Divorce, or talaq, is one of the most significant aspects of Muslim law. While it is commonly known that a Muslim man can legally divorce his wife under valid reasons, there is often confusion about whether a Muslim woman has the right to initiate divorce. Under the prevailing Muslim law in Bangladesh, a woman can indeed seek divorce, but only under specific conditions and through certain procedures. Below is an overview of the ways a Muslim woman can obtain a divorce:
1. Talaq-e-Tawfiz (Delegated Right to Divorce)

This is a provision where the husband delegates the right of divorce to his wife through the Column 18 of the Kabin Nama (marriage contract). If this clause is included, the wife can exercise her right to divorce under Section 7 of the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961. The process involves:

The wife issuing a notice of divorce to her husband.

Registering the divorce with the relevant Union Parishad or City Corporation.

Sending a copy of the notice to the Chairman of the Union Parishad or City Corporation and another copy to the husband’s address.

The divorce becomes effective after 90 days from the date of sending the notice.

2. Khula (Divorce by Mutual Consent)

In Khula, the wife initiates the divorce, and the husband consents to it. Both parties must agree to dissolve the marriage. The process requires both the husband and wife to appear before the Kazi’s office to formalize the divorce. Unlike Talaq-e-Tawfiz, this method is based on mutual agreement.
3. Mubarat (Mutual Separation)

Mubarat is a process where both the husband and wife mutually agree to separate. It is a consensual divorce, and neither party is required to compensate the other. This method is often misunderstood, as some believe that compensation is mandatory, but this is not the case. Courts have clarified that no financial obligation is imposed on either party in Mubarat. (Mosammat Gulam Sakina vs. Umar Bakhsh and Others, 1964, 16 DLR 389).
4. Judicial Divorce (Through Court)

If a Muslim woman cannot obtain a divorce through Talaq-e-Tawfiz, Khula, or Mubarat, she can seek a judicial divorce under Section 2 of the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939. The grounds for judicial divorce include:
a) Cruelty

If the husband is physically or mentally abusive, the wife can file for divorce. Cruelty includes:

Physical or mental torture.

Forcing the wife to live an immoral life.

Preventing her from practicing her religion.

Illegally transferring or obstructing her property rights.

If the wife leaves the marital home due to cruelty, the husband cannot file for restitution of conjugal rights.
b) Desertion

If the husband has been missing for four years or more, the wife can seek a divorce. However, the divorce decree will not take effect until six months after the court’s order.
c) Imprisonment

If the husband is sentenced to seven years or more of imprisonment, the wife can file for divorce.
d) Failure to Provide Maintenance

A husband is legally obligated to provide maintenance to his wife. If he fails to do so for two years, the wife can seek a divorce. In the case of Salma Khatun vs. Moslem Uddin (19 DLR, High Court, Page 553), it was held that a wife who leaves the marital home due to fear of abuse and is denied maintenance is entitled to a divorce decree.
Is Dowry (Mahr) Payable if the Wife Initiates Divorce?

A common misconception is that a wife forfeits her right to Mahr (dowry) if she initiates the divorce. This is incorrect. Regardless of who initiates the divorce, the husband is legally obligated to pay the Mahr. It is the wife’s legal right, and it remains unaffected by the divorce.
Conclusion

Both Islamic and state laws in Bangladesh provide Muslim women with the right to seek divorce under specific circumstances. While divorce is not an ideal solution, it becomes necessary in certain situations. The legal framework ensures that women have avenues to dissolve a marriage that is no longer sustainable, while also safeguarding their rights, including the right to Mahr.

Faizul Haque Bhuiyan
Advocate, Supreme Court of Bangladesh
LLB (Hon’s), University of London, LLM
MBA, Independent University of Bangladesh
Cell: +880 1841 4311999

13/02/2025

Overview of Copyright Law in Bangladesh

Copyright law in Bangladesh is designed to protect the rights of creators and encourage innovation and creativity. The primary legislation governing copyright in Bangladesh is the Copyright Act, 2000, which has been amended over the years to align with international standards and address emerging challenges in the digital age.
Key Features of Bangladesh Copyright Law

Scope of Protection
Copyright law in Bangladesh protects original literary, artistic, musical, and dramatic works, as well as cinematographic films, sound recordings, and computer programs. This includes:

Books, articles, and other written works.

Paintings, sculptures, and photographs.

Music, songs, and sound recordings.

Films, television programs, and other audiovisual works.

Software and databases.

Rights of Copyright Owners
Copyright owners in Bangladesh enjoy both economic rights and moral rights:

Economic Rights: The exclusive right to reproduce, distribute, perform, broadcast, and adapt their works.

Moral Rights: The right to claim authorship and object to any distortion or modification of their work that may harm their reputation.

Duration of Copyright Protection

For literary, musical, artistic, and dramatic works: Lifetime of the author + 60 years after their death.

For cinematographic films, sound recordings, and photographs: 60 years from the date of publication.

For anonymous or pseudonymous works: 60 years from the date of publication.

Registration of Copyright
While copyright protection is automatic upon the creation of an original work, registration with the Copyright Office of Bangladesh provides legal evidence of ownership. Registration is not mandatory but is highly recommended for enforcement purposes.

Fair Use and Exceptions
The Copyright Act allows for certain exceptions to copyright protection, such as:

Use for educational, research, or private study purposes.

Use for criticism, review, or reporting current events.

Reproduction for judicial proceedings or legislative purposes.

Enforcement and Remedies
Copyright infringement in Bangladesh is a civil and criminal offense. Remedies include:

Injunctions to stop infringement.

Damages or compensation for losses.

Seizure and destruction of infringing materials.

Criminal penalties, including fines and imprisonment.

International Compliance
Bangladesh is a member of several international copyright treaties, including:

Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.

Universal Copyright Convention.

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).
These memberships ensure that copyright protections in Bangladesh meet global standards.

Challenges and Opportunities

While Bangladesh has made significant progress in strengthening its copyright regime, challenges remain, such as:

Piracy and Infringement: Widespread piracy, particularly in the digital space, remains a significant issue.

Awareness: Many creators and users are unaware of their rights and responsibilities under copyright law.

Enforcement: Limited resources and capacity for enforcement can hinder effective protection.

However, the growing creative industries, digital transformation, and increased awareness of intellectual property rights present opportunities for further development and enforcement of copyright law in Bangladesh.
Conclusion

Bangladesh’s copyright law provides a robust framework for protecting the rights of creators and fostering a culture of innovation. By addressing existing challenges and leveraging opportunities, Bangladesh can further strengthen its position as a hub for creativity and intellectual property in South Asia.

02/02/2025

Right of Pre-emption (Haq Shufa) in Muslim Law

In Muslim law, the Right of Pre-emption (Haq Shufa or Shufa) refers to the legal right of a co-sharer or neighbor to purchase a property before it is sold to an outsider. If a property is sold to someone other than a co-sharer or neighbor, the co-sharer or neighbor can exercise this right to claim the property. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasized this right, stating that if someone intends to sell their land, they should first inform their neighbor.

The concept of Haq Shufa was first introduced in the Indian subcontinent through the Punjab Haq Shufa Act of 1913. Later, in 1928, the Bengal Tenancy Act of 1885 was amended, and Section 26(c) was added, granting co-sharers the right of pre-emption. However, the provisions of pre-emption under the Bengal Tenancy Act were later abolished. Currently, in addition to Muslim law, the right of pre-emption can be claimed under Section 96 of the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act, 1950 for agricultural land and Section 24 of the Non-Agricultural Tenancy Act, 1949 for non-agricultural land.
Who Can Claim the Right of Pre-emption (Haq Shufa) in Muslim Law?

Under Muslim law, the following three categories of individuals can claim the Right of Pre-emption:

Shafi-i-Sharik (Co-sharer): A co-sharer of the sold property.

Shafi-i-Khalit (Right of Way or Drainage): A person who has the right to use a path or drainage through the sold property.

Shafi-i-Jar (Adjacent Landowner): The owner of land adjacent to the sold property.

Among these three categories, the co-sharer (Shafi-i-Sharik) has the first right to claim pre-emption. If the co-sharer does not claim the right, the Shafi-i-Khalit can claim it. If neither the co-sharer nor the Shafi-i-Khalit claims the right, the Shafi-i-Jar (adjacent landowner) can claim it. If multiple individuals from the same category claim the right, each is entitled to an equal share. However, the Right of Pre-emption can only be claimed in the case of a sale deed and not in other forms of transfer. Additionally, if the buyer is a non-Muslim, the Right of Pre-emption cannot be claimed.
Requirements for Claiming the Right of Pre-emption in Muslim Law

To claim the Right of Pre-emption under Muslim law, two essential formalities must be fulfilled:

Talab-i-Mowasibat (Immediate Claim): The claimant must immediately declare their right to purchase the property upon hearing about the sale.

Talab-i-Ishhad (Public Declaration): The claimant must publicly declare their intention to purchase the property in the presence of at least two witnesses.

These declarations must be made in the presence of the buyer or seller or on the premises of the sold property. It is crucial to prove Talab-i-Mowasibat and Talab-i-Ishhad to establish the claim. In the case of Mosammat Rokeya Begum vs. Adv. Abdul Awal and Others, the High Court Division ruled that the claimant must declare their right immediately upon hearing about the sale. Even a slight delay, such as going home to fetch money before declaring the claim, can result in the loss of the right, as held by the Calcutta High Court.
Limitation Period for Filing a Pre-emption Case in Muslim Law

Although Muslim law does not specify a limitation period for filing a pre-emption case, the Limitation Act of 1908 applies. According to Article 10 of the Limitation Act, the claimant must file the lawsuit within one year from the date the buyer takes direct possession of the property. If direct possession is not possible, the lawsuit must be filed within one year from the date the sale deed is registered. If neither direct possession nor registration is applicable, Article 120 of the Limitation Act applies.
Advantages of Filing a Pre-emption Case Under Muslim Law

While the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act, 1950 (Section 96) and the Non-Agricultural Tenancy Act, 1949 (Section 24) also provide for the right of pre-emption, filing a case under Muslim law has certain advantages:

No Upfront Deposit: Under Muslim law, the claimant does not need to deposit the full sale price or compensation (10-25% of the sale price) at the time of filing the lawsuit, as required under Sections 96 and 24.

Broader Eligibility: Under Muslim law, not only co-sharers but also adjacent landowners and individuals with rights of way or drainage can file a pre-emption case. In contrast, Sections 96 and 24 only allow co-sharers to file such cases.

Exceptions Where the Right of Pre-emption Does Not Apply

The Right of Pre-emption does not apply in the following cases:

If the property is transferred to another co-sharer.

If the transfer is made through an exchange deed or partition deed.

If the transfer is made through a gift deed (Hiba) to a spouse or a relative within three generations of the donor.

If the transfer is temporary, such as through a mortgage deed.

If the transfer is made as a Waqf (endowment).

If the transfer is made to a religious institution for religious purposes.

If the transferee transfers the property back to the original owner.

In these cases, the Right of Pre-emption cannot be claimed, and no lawsuit can be filed to enforce it.

02/02/2025

অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার কি?

যদি কোন জমির মালিক উক্ত জোতের কোন শরিক বা সহ শরিক ব্যতিত অপর কোন ব্যক্তির নিকট তার জমি বিক্রি করে তবে ঐ জোতের কোন শরিক উক্ত সম্পত্তি নিজে প্রাপ্তির লক্ষ্যে বিক্রয় মূল্য ও নির্ধারিত হারে ক্ষতিপূরণ প্রদান করে আদালতের মাধ্যমে নিজে মালিকানা পাওয়ার আইনত: অধিকারী হবে আর এই অধিকারকেই অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার বলে।

সহজ ভাবে অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার বলতে বুঝায় যে, জমি বিক্রির ক্ষেত্রে উক্ত জমি উত্তরাধিকার সূত্রে আত্মীয় এবং জমির শরিকদের ক্রয় করার অধিকার আইনে সংরক্ষণ করা হয়েছে। তাদের আইনগত এই অধিকার খর্ব করে ভিন্ন আগন্তুক কোন ব্যক্তির নিকট কোন জমি বিক্রি করলে উক্ত আত্মীয় বা শরিকদের মধ্য থেকে কেউ ক্রয়ে আগ্রহী থাকলে তিনি আদালতের মাধ্যমে মূল্য পরিশোধ সাপেক্ষে উক্ত জমির মালিক হতে পারবেন। আদালতের মাধ্যমে প্রদত্ত এই অধিকারকে অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার বলে।

The State Acquisition and tenancy Act. 1950 এর ৯৬ ধারা অনুসারে কৃষি জমির ক্ষেত্রে অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার প্রদান করা হয়েছে। অপর দিকে The Non Agricultural tenancy Act. 1949 এর ২৪ ধারা অনুসারে অকৃষি জমির ক্ষেত্রে অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার প্রদান করা হয়েছে।
উদাহরণের মাধ্যমে অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার
উদাহরণ: ১

মনে করেন জনি ও রনি দুই ভাই বাবার উত্তরাধীকারী হিসাবে মোট ১০ শতাংশ সম্পত্তির মালিক হয়েছেন। এর মধ্যে রনির টাকার প্রয়োজন হওয়ায় তার অংশের ৫ শতাংশ জমি বিক্রি করে দিবেন। যদি জনির উক্ত জমি ক্রয়ের সামর্থ ও ইচ্ছা থাকে তাহলে সেই জমি ক্রয়ে জনির অধিকার সবার আগে, জনির এই অধিকারই অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার। ধরুন রনি ও জনির মধ্যে সম্পর্ক ভালো না থাকায় রনি ভিন্ন ব্যক্তির কাছে বিক্রি করবে কিন্তু জনির কাছে বিক্রি করবে না। জনির জমি ক্রয়ের সামর্থ ও ইচ্ছা থাকার পরও যদি রনি ভিন্ন লোকের নিকট বিক্রি করে তাহলে জনি আদালতে অগ্রক্রয়ের অধিকার চেয়ে মোকাদ্দমা দায়ের করতে পারবেন।
উদাহরণ: ২

মি. হাফিজ তার জমি উক্ত জমির কো—শেয়ারার বরাবর হস্তান্তর না করে মি. হাবিব বরাবর বিক্রয় করেছেন যেখানে মি. হাবিব একজন আগন্তুক। জমির কোন কো—শেয়ারার উক্ত হস্তান্তরের বিরুদ্ধে মোকাদ্দমা দায়ের করেন নি। পরবতীর্তে মি. হাবিব উক্ত জমি ভিন্ন কোন ব্যক্তির বরাবর পূনরায় বিক্রয় করেন। এমতবস্থায় কো—শেয়ারার বিষয়টি জানতে পারল। অর্থ্যাৎ কো—শেয়ারার এর জানার আগেই জমিটির দ্বিতীয় হস্তান্তর সম্পন্ন হয়েছে। উক্ত দ্বিতীয় হস্তান্তর হওয়ার পরও অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার বিদ্যমান থাকে কি না তা নিয়ে ৩৫ ডি এল আর ২৩৮ স্পষ্টভাবেই উল্লেখ রয়েছে যে দ্বিতীয় হস্তান্তর সম্পন্ন হওয়া পরেও কো—শেয়ারার এর অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার বিদ্যমান থাকে।
উদাহরণ: ৩

মি. হাফিজ তার জমি উক্ত জমির কো—শেয়ারার বরাবর হস্তান্তর না করে মি. হাবিব বরাবর বিক্রয় করেছেন যেখানে মি. হাবিব একজন আগন্তুক। পরে বিষয়টি জানা জানি হলে মি. হেকমত (কো—শেয়ারার) উক্ত হস্তান্তরের বিরুদ্ধে মোকাদ্দমা দায়ের করার সিদ্ধান্ত নেন। এমতাবস্থায় মি. হাবিব উক্ত কো—শেয়ারারে অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার খর্ব করার লক্ষ্যে ক্রয়কৃত জমি উক্ত জমির আরেকজন কো—শেয়ারার জনাব শরিবুল বরাবর হস্তান্তর করেন এবং ঘোষনা করেন যে যেহেতু জমিটি এখন উক্ত জোতের আরেকজন কো—শেয়ারার এর মালিকানাধীন রয়েছে অতএব মি. হেকমতের অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার আর বিদ্যমান নেই। ১০(১) এল এন জি ২০২১ পাতা: ২১০ প্যারা: ২৩ এ স্পষ্টভাবে উল্লেখ আছে যে আগন্তুক কর্তৃক ক্রয়কৃত জমি হস্তান্তরের মাধ্যমে মূল দাতা ভিন্ন অন্য কোন কো—শেয়ারারে বরাবর যদি পূনরায় হস্তান্তর হয় তাহলেও দাবীকৃত প্রথম কো—শেয়ারারের অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার বিদ্যমান থাকবে।
কে মামলা করতে পারবে

কৃষি জমির ক্ষেত্রে উত্তরাধিকার ও সংলগ্ন জমির মালিকদের অগ্রক্রয়ের অধিকার থাকলেও ২০০৬ সালে আইন সংশোধনের মাধ্যমে শুধুমাত্র উত্তরাধিকার সূত্রে যারা সহ শরীক তারাই কেবল এই আইনে অগ্রক্রয়ের মামলা দায়ের করতে পারবেন। একইভাবে অকৃষি জমির ক্ষেত্রে ক্রয়সূত্রে বা অন্যান্য সহ শরীকরা অগ্রক্রয়ের অধিকার প্রদান করেছে। অতএব অকৃষি জমির ক্ষেত্রে ক্রয় সূত্রে বা অন্যান্য সহ শরীকরাও অগ্রক্রয়ের মামলা দায়ের করতে পারবে।
কি ধরনের হস্তান্তরের বিপরীতে অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার বিদ্যমান থাকবে না

জমি বিক্রয় বা হস্তান্তরের বিরুদ্ধে অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার আইনে স্বীকৃত থাকলেও নিম্নোক্ত হস্তান্তরের বিরুদ্ধে অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার বিদ্যমান থাকবে না। উক্ত ব্যতিক্রম গুলি আলোচনা করা হলো:

যদি উক্ত ক্রয় বা হস্তান্তর অন্য কোন কো—শেয়ারার এর বরাবর করা হয়।
হস্তান্তর যদি বিনিময় দলিল বা বন্টননামা দলিলের মাধ্যমে সম্পাদিত হয়।
যদি হস্তান্তর হেবা দলিলের মাধ্যমে হয় এবং হেবার মাধ্যমে স্বামী—স্ত্রী অথবা দাতার তিন স্তরের মধ্যে কোন আত্মীয় বরাবর সম্পাদিত হয়।
বন্ধক দলিলের মাধ্যমে সাময়িক হস্তান্তর হয়।
যদি ওয়াক্ফ হিসাবে হস্তান্তর হয়।
ধমীর্য় উদ্দেশ্যে কোন প্রতিষ্ঠান বরাবর হস্তান্তর হয়।
গ্রহিতা কতৃর্ক দাতা বরাবর পুনরায় হস্তান্তর হয়।

উপরোক্তভাবে যদি কেও হস্তান্তর করে তাহলে উক্ত হস্তান্তরের বিরুদ্ধে অগ্রক্রয় অধিকার কার্যকর হবে না এবং তা আদায়ের জন্য আইনে মোকাদ্দমা দায়ের করা যায় না।
মোকাদ্দমা দায়েরের সময়সীমা

কৃষি জমির ক্ষেত্রে জমি বিক্রয়ের পূর্বে রেজিষ্ট্রেশন আইনের ৮৯ ধারা অনুসারে উত্তরাধীকার সূত্রে শরিকদের নোটিশ দিতে হবে। উক্ত নোটিশ প্রাপ্তির পর থেকে ২ মাসের মধ্যে মামলা করতে হবে। তবে বিক্রেতা যদি নোটিশ গোপন রেখে বিক্রি করে বা প্রি—এম্পেটর নোটিশ সম্পর্কে অবগত না থাকে তবে তার অবগত হওয়ার ২ মাসের মধ্যে মোকাদ্দমা দায়ের করতে হবে। অপরদিকে অকৃষি জমির ক্ষেত্রে ২ মাসের পরিবর্তে ৪ মাসের মধ্যে মোকাদ্দমা দায়ের করতে হবে। এখানে উল্লেখ্য যে কৃষি জমির ক্ষেত্রে মোট মূল্য সহ ২৫% হারে ক্ষতিপূরণ টাকা জমা দিয়ে মোকাদ্দমা দায়ের করতে হবে।

Writ Petition No. 14412/2024Md. Towfiqul. Islam Khan Vs Govt. Of Bangladesh and others Rule issuing Order dated 10-12-24...
14/12/2024

Writ Petition No. 14412/2024

Md. Towfiqul. Islam Khan Vs Govt. Of Bangladesh and others
Rule issuing Order dated 10-12-24, Fahmida Quader J and Mubina Asaf J

Let a Rule Nisi be issued calling upon the respondents to show cause as to why Section 18 read with Section 2(4) of the Animal Welfare Act, 2019 being wholly arbitrary, unlawful and unconstitutional due to being violative of Articles 27 and 31 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh shall not be declared to be without lawful authority and of no legal effect.
The Rule is made returnable within 3 weeks from date.

https://www.banglanews24.com/law-court/news/bd/1438582.details?fbclid=IwY2xjawHKjwJleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHUfXGQKoU9ZwO6-Ju5cGNHUvtCJoadlyRioHz8g0PcLtyhYQaeLwT9SWpQ_aem_TcX7dh8-6k69FjrpS-bC1Q

ঢাকা: কর্তৃপক্ষের লিখিত অভিযোগ ব্যতীত কোনো আদালত এই আইনের অপরাধ বিচারের জন্য গ্রহণ করবেন না- ২০১৯ সালের প্রাণিকল.....

What to do if you are a victim of blackmail with secretly recorded videos and photos?If someone secretly records your in...
19/09/2024

What to do if you are a victim of blackmail with secretly recorded videos and photos?

If someone secretly records your intimate moments and threatens to distribute them, demands money, extorts money, or engages in further sexual harassment, you can seek legal recourse under the Po*******hy Control Act as well as the Digital or Cyber Security Act.

Case Study: Fatema
Fatema, despite her objections, was secretly filmed by her drug-addicted husband during their intimate moments. After enduring the abuse, she divorced him and focused on her studies. Her ex-husband then uploaded the videos to the internet at her college gate.

Fatema filed a complaint at the police station under sections 8(2) and 8(3) of the Po*******hy Control Act 2012. The case was later tried in the Sessions Court. As the three points of the case were proven beyond doubt, the accused was sentenced to four years of rigorous imprisonment and a fine of 25,000 taka.

Common Scenarios and Legal Provisions

Husbands blackmailing wives: Husbands often use their wives' intimate videos to extort money or other favors.
Boyfriend-girlfriend relationships: Blackmail has become common in romantic relationships, with partners threatening to release private photos.
Online blackmail: The internet has made it easier for anyone to become a victim of blackmail, with threats of spreading intimate content or damaging one's reputation.
The Po*******hy Control Act defines po*******hy broadly to include any material that is sexually suggestive, even if it doesn't involve explicit nudity. The act also covers the creation, distribution, and possession of po*******hy.

Key Provisions and Penalties:

Creation of po*******hy: Up to 7 years imprisonment and a fine of 2 lakh taka.
Blackmail using po*******hy: Up to 5 years imprisonment and a fine of 2 lakh taka.
Distribution of po*******hy: Up to 5 years imprisonment and a fine of 2 lakh taka.
Cyber Security Act
For cyberbullying, online harassment, and other online crimes, the Cyber Security Act can be used.

Taking Legal Action

File a police complaint: You can file a complaint at the nearest police station.
Approach the Cyber Tribunal: If you prefer, you can directly file a petition with the Cyber Tribunal.
Gather evidence: Collect all relevant evidence, such as screenshots, videos, and messages.
Remember:

You are not alone.
There are laws to protect you.
Seek legal advice as soon as possible.

12/09/2024

Today we're back with the stages of civil suit in Bangladesh. (Long post but worth your time if you're facing a civil suit)

Summary of stages in a civil suit in Bangladesh.
N.B. Each of these stages can take 1-5 dates. Normally each case hearing date is given by the Court within 1-3 months.
1. Filing of the Plaint:
• The plaintiff initiates a civil suit by filing a plaint in the appropriate court. The plaint must include the facts of the case, the legal grounds for the suit, the relief sought, and any supporting documents.
• Upon filing, the court assesses whether the plaint discloses a cause of action.
2. Issuance of Summons:
• After the plaint is filed and accepted, the court issues a summons to the defendant(s), informing them of the suit and requiring them to appear before the court to respond.
3. Written Statement by Defendant:
• The defendant must file a written statement (WS) in response to the plaint, addressing the claims made by the plaintiff and providing their defense.
• The WS may include counterclaims or set-offs against the plaintiff's claim.
4. Framing of Issues:
• Once the plaint and written statement are submitted, the court frames the issues that need to be resolved based on the disputes between the parties.
• Issues typically revolve around the facts and legal questions that are contested by the parties.
5. Evidence and Witness Examination:
• Both parties present evidence to support their claims and defenses. This includes submitting documents, examining witnesses, and cross-examining the opposing party's witnesses.
• The plaintiff generally presents their evidence first, followed by the defendant.
6. Arguments:
• After the evidence is presented, both parties make final arguments before the court, summarizing their case and highlighting the key evidence and legal points that support their position.
7. Judgment:
• The court reviews the evidence, considers the arguments made by both parties, and then delivers a judgment. The judgment includes the court's findings on the issues and the relief granted (if any).
• If the plaintiff wins, the court may order the defendant to pay damages or grant other relief as requested in the plaint.
8. Decree and Ex*****on:
• A decree is a formal expression of the judgment. Once the judgment is delivered, the court issues a decree that outlines the obligations of the parties, such as payment of damages.
• If the defendant does not comply with the decree voluntarily, the plaintiff can apply for its ex*****on, meaning the court will take steps to enforce the decree, such as seizing property or garnishing wages.
9. Appeal:
• If either party is dissatisfied with the judgment, they have the right to appeal to a higher court. The appellate court reviews the lower court’s judgment and may affirm, modify, or overturn it.
10. Review and Revision:
• In certain cases, parties may seek a review or revision of the judgment by the same court or a higher court if there is a mistake or new evidence comes to light.

Hope this helps. We will be back next time with more legal facts!!

আজ আমরা বাংলাদেশের দেওয়ানি মামলার ধাপগুলো নিয়ে ফিরে এসেছি। (পোস্টটি দীর্ঘ, কিন্তু যদি আপনি কোনো দেওয়ানি মামলায় মুখোমুখি হয়ে থাকেন, তাহলে এটি আপনার প্রয়োজনীয হতে পারে।)

বাংলাদেশে দেওয়ানি মামলার ধাপের সংক্ষিপ্ত বিবরণ: নোট: প্রতিটি ধাপ ১-৫ তারিখ পর্যন্ত সময় নিতে পারে। সাধারণত প্রতিটি মামলার শুনানির তারিখ ১-৩ মাসের মধ্যে আদালত দ্বারা নির্ধারণ করা হয়।

১. মামলা দায়ের:

বাদী উপযুক্ত আদালতে একটি আর্জি দায়ের করে দেওয়ানি মামলা শুরু কর্বেন। এতে অর্জিতে মামলা দায়েরের কারণ, কখন মামলার উৎপত্তি হয়েছে, আইনগত ভিত্তি, প্রতিপক্ষ কীভাবে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয়েছে এবং তার প্রতিকারসহ মামলার বিষয়বস্তু বিস্তারিত উল্লেখ করতে হবে।

মামলা দায়েরের পর, আদালত তার বিচার বিবেচনা

করে মামলাটির বিষয়ে সিদ্ধান্ত নেবেন।

২. সমন জারি:

মোকদ্দমা দায়ের ও গ্রহণ করার পরে, আদালত বিবাদীদের কাছে একটি সমন জারি করে, তাদের মামলা সম্পর্কে অবহিত করে এবং তাদের আদালতে উপস্থিত হয়ে প্রতিক্রিয়া জানানোর নির্দেশ দেয়।

৩. বিবাদীর লিখিত বক্তব্য:

বিবাদী একটি লিখিত বক্তব্য (WS) দায়ের করে মোকদ্দমার জবাব দেয়, যেখানে বাদীর দাবিগুলি মোকাবেলা করা হয় এবং তাদের প্রতিরক্ষা প্রদান করা হয়।

WS-এ বাদীর দাবির বিপরীতে পাল্টা দাবি বা সেট-অফ অন্তর্ভুক্ত থাকতে পারে।

৪. বিতর্কের বিষয় নির্ধারণ:

মোকদ্দমা ও লিখিত বক্তব্য জমা দেওয়ার পরে, আদালত পক্ষগুলির মধ্যে বিরোধের ভিত্তিতে সমাধান করতে হবে এমন বিষয়গুলি নির্ধারণ করে।

বিষয়গুলি সাধারণত পক্ষগুলির দ্বারা বিতর্কিত তথ্য এবং আইনগত প্রশ্নগুলিকে ঘিরে থাকে।

৫. প্রমাণ এবং সাক্ষী পরীক্ষা:

উভয় পক্ষ তাদের দাবি ও প্রতিরক্ষার সমর্থনে প্রমাণ উপস্থাপন করে। এর মধ্যে নথি জমা দেওয়া, সাক্ষী পরীক্ষা এবং বিপক্ষের সাক্ষীকে জেরা করা অন্তর্ভুক্ত।

সাধারণত বাদী প্রথমে তার প্রমাণ উপস্থাপন করেন, তারপর বিবাদী।

৬. যুক্তিতর্ক:

প্রমাণ উপস্থাপনের পরে, উভয় পক্ষ আদালতের

সামনে চূড়ান্ত যুক্তি উপস্থাপন করে, তাদের মামলা সারসংক্ষেপ করে এবং তাদের অবস্থান সমর্থন করে প্রধান প্রমাণ এবং আইনি বিষয়গুলি তুলে ধরে।

৭. রায়:

আদালত প্রমাণ পর্যালোচনা করে, উভয় পক্ষের যুক্তি বিবেচনা করে এবং তারপর একটি রায় প্রদান করে। রায়ে আদালতের মতামত এবং প্রদত্ত প্রতিকার (যদি থাকে) অন্তর্ভুক্ত থাকে।

যদি বাদী বিজয়ী হয়, তাহলে আদালত বিবাদীকে ক্ষতিপূরণ প্রদানের বা মোকদ্দমায় চাওয়া প্রতিকার প্রদান করার আদেশ দিতে পারে।

৮. ডিক্রি ও প্রয়োগ:

ডিক্রি হলো রায়ের একটি আনুষ্ঠানিক প্রকাশ। রায় ঘোষণার পর, আদালত একটি ডিক্রি জারি করে, যেখানে পক্ষগুলির বাধ্যবাধকতাগুলি উল্লেখ থাকে,

যেমন ক্ষতিপূরণ প্রদান।

যদি বিবাদী ডিক্রির সাথে স্বেচ্ছায় সম্মতি না জানায়, তাহলে বাদী তার প্রয়োগের জন্য আবেদন করতে পারে, যার অর্থ আদালত সম্পত্তি বাজেয়াপ্ত করা বা বেতন বন্ধ করার মতো ব্যবস্থা নেবে।

৯. আপিল:

যদি কোনো পক্ষ রায়ে অসন্তুষ্ট হয়, তারা উচ্চতর আদালতে আপিল করার অধিকার রাখে। আপিল আদালত নিম্ন আদালতের রায় পর্যালোচনা করে এবং তা অনুমোদন, সংশোধন বা বাতিল করতে পারে।

১০. পর্যালোচনা এবং সংশোধন:

নির্দিষ্ট ক্ষেত্রে, পক্ষগুলি একই আদালত বা উচ্চতর আদালতে রায়ের ভুল সংশোধন বা নতুন প্রমাণ পাওয়া গেলে পর্যালোচনা বা সংশোধনের জন্য আবেদন করতে পারে।

আশা করি এটি সহায়ক হবে। আমরা আবার ফিরে আসব আরো কিছু আইনি তথ্য নিয়ে!!

Address

57/B, Road 4, Block C, Mohonagar Housing Society
Dhaka
1209

Opening Hours

Monday 09:00 - 22:00
Tuesday 09:00 - 22:00
Wednesday 09:00 - 22:00
Thursday 09:00 - 22:00
Saturday 09:00 - 22:00
Sunday 09:00 - 22:00

Telephone

+8801841431999

Alerts

Be the first to know and let us send you an email when Sovereign Chambers of Law - SCL posts news and promotions. Your email address will not be used for any other purpose, and you can unsubscribe at any time.

Contact The Practice

Send a message to Sovereign Chambers of Law - SCL:

Share

Category

Our Story

Sovereign Chambers of Law (SCL) is a well reputed law chamber established through a partnership between several Barristers-at-Law, who are also enrolled Advocates of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, specializing in criminal, civil, immigration, labour, writ, banking, corporate, commercial and real estate sectors.

Having regard to the multi dimensional nature of most corporate, banking and commercial entities and their deals, we offer a composite range of services to our clients from under one roof. Our goal is to provide top quality legal services promptly, efficiently and with excellence.

In SCL, we believe in team effort, and have developed a team devoted to the legal profession. The team is young and promising, hardworking and confident. We are inspired by honesty, dedication and integrity. Our team has all the talent and intellectual capacity required to go into the root of any legal or extra-legal problem, and to undertake extensive research and for the purpose of coming up with practical solutions in the context of Bangladesh, and where, in the context of Laws of any foreign nation. Among other things, our team also includes a dual citizen of Britain and Bangladesh, who is also a Barrister-at-Law called to the Bar of England and Wales by the Honourable Society of Gray’s Inn, and has worked at the Royal Court of Justice, Strand, London, and hence we are able to render all legal services including foreign investment and other matters. Our team has an excellent working environment and is fully supported by all modern facilities that are required to produce prompt and quality legal service, efficiently and with excellence. Why Choose Us? Client-centred Approach ~ Our goal is to reduce the stress associated with your legal situation by explaining every step of the process and taking the time to answer your questions. At the Sovereign Chambers of Law, we will listen to you, answer your questions, and give you clear explanations of what your options are step by step. Thorough & Diligent Representation ~ SCL expends the time and energy to learn the details of the case, read the files, and acquire a thorough understanding of the law. The competent and qualified representation that clients receive at the SCL Law Firm helps to put them at ease and allay any fears and concerns they may have, knowing their legal interests are being properly cared for and protected. Outstanding Reputation ~ SCL has built a successful firm in large part based on client referrals. There is no better way to measure the quality of a legal firm than by asking former clients about the experiences they have had. At the SCL Law Firm, we have built an excellent reputation in the community and work diligently to be worthy of the compelling endorsement we receive from our clients. Responsive to Client Needs ~ The speed of service is tempered by the need to be thorough. SCL works closely with clients to ensure that he understands the results they seek to achieve and to address their unique needs and individual situations in order to customize solutions that fit their particular problems. Trusted Partner – SCL provides the highest degree of personal care and attention. Clients receive the power of a big firm - along with the close personal care and attention of a trusted partner and friend. SCL takes great care in nurturing close client relationships and establishing open lines of communication with clients, counseling them as they strive to achieve a positive result. Sophisticated Law Experience – In delivering positive results for individuals and families, SCL draws on decades of legal experience, handling complex cases that have given him an added advantage in resolving issues. With years of experience, SCL has acquired the skills and experience to handle every aspect of even the most complex and sophisticated cases. Recognized Community Standing ~ SCL has achieved an honorable reputation in the community. It is recognized for his high moral and ethical standards. We are passionate about what we do and work to make a difference in the community and in the lives of his clients.