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Abbasi Legal consultancy., kutchery Road, Rawalpindi (2026)

30/10/2024

Alhamdulillah, I'm thrilled to announce the grand opening of my new office, a significant milestone in my journey as an advocate. I'm deeply grateful to my loving parents, esteemed seniors, supportive friends, and well-wishers whose guidance and encouragement have brought me to this moment.

As I embark on this new chapter, I humbly request your continued prayers and support for my future endeavors. May Allah grant me the wisdom, courage, and strength to uphold the principles of justice and serve the community with integrity.

Thank you all for being an integral part of my journey. Your blessings and good wishes mean the world to me.

05/12/2023

2023 SCMR 2103
Incorrect entry in revenue record --- Limitation period for challenging such entry --- Scope --- Law states that if a wrong entry is made and , in accordance with the prevailing Land Revenue Act , the ownership entry is recorded in the Register Haqdaran Zameen / Jamabandi / periodical record , each new entry in the latest record , typically updated every four years , creates a new cause of action --- However , for a plaintiff to successfully argue that the wrong entry was unknown to him and lacked legal basis , he must demonstrate that the last wrong entry came to his knowledge --- In such cases ,, the Court has declared the suit to be within time --- However , it is important to note that the Supreme Court , as well as the principles of law of limitation , have never provided a blanket exemption from the law of limitation for individuals challenging an admitted wrong entry .
Setting aside findings of lower court/s --- Proper reasons and logical justification --- When a higher court is unsatisfied with the findings of the lower courts , the higher court must carefully examine and discuss the lower courts ' findings --- Subsequently the higher court should provide reasons for disagreeing with the lower courts and replacing their findings with its own --- Any findings being set aside must be done so with proper reasons and logical justification , while the findings made by the higher I court must also be supported by valid reasons based on the available evidence and the law .
Revisional jurisdiction of the High Court --- Scope --- When a Trial Court and the first appellate court , which are responsible for considering both factual and legal aspects , have already taken a specific viewpoint , the High Court under the jurisdiction granted by section 115 of the C.P.C. should generally refrain from offering an alternative interpretation of the evidence , unless the lower courts ' interpretation is clearly unreasonable or contradicts well established legal principles.

07/04/2023

جزوی ادائیگی کی صورت میں مدعی اندراج FIR کا حقدار نہ ہے۔
ضمانت قبل از گرفتاری کنفرم ہوئی۔
2019 PCrLJ 295
بنک میں Payment بھی Stop کروانا ضروری ہے محض چیک بک چوری کی رپٹ درج کروانے کی بناء پر 489-F ت پ کیس ضمانت منظور نہ ہو گی۔
2013 YLR 626
اگر ملزم بطور گارنٹی چیک دینا تسلیم کرے تو ضمانت کا حقدار نہ ہو گا۔
2011YLR 1284
اگر چیک ایشو ہونے کے بعد چھ ماہ کے اندر بنک میں پیش نہ کیا جاۓ تو ملزم ضمانت کا حقدار ہو گا۔
2020 YLR 2064
اگر چیک بطور Security دیا گیا ہو تو ملزم کے خلاف 489- F ت پ کا اطلاق نہ ہو گا۔ ملزم ضمانت قبل از گرفتاری کا حقدار ہو گا۔
2016 PCrLJ 769
اگر چیک ملزم کی بجاۓ کسی دیگر شخص نے جاری کیا ہو تو ملزم ضمانت قبل از گرفتاری کا حقدار ہو گا۔
2014 YLR 882
صرف چیک جاری کرنے کی بناء پر 489F ت پ ثابت نہ ہو گا۔ بلکہ ثابت کرنا ضروری ہے کہ چیک بے ایمانی سے جاری کیا گیا۔
2021 YLR 324
بطور گارنٹی دیۓ گئے چیک پر 489F ت پ کا اطلاق نہ ہوگا۔ ضمانت منظور ہوئی۔
2020 PCrLJ 268
آپ کی دعاؤں کے طلبگار :-
*ایاز ایس گجر ایڈووکیٹ*

25/03/2023

How to seek remedy from Supreme Court in cases of Criminal nature?
Against the orders of High Court in criminal cases, you can invoke the jurisdiction of Supreme Court by filing:-

1) Criminal Petition for leave to appeal under Article 185(3) of the Constitution within 30 days from date of order/judgment of High Court.
2) Criminal Appeal under Article 185 (2) (a) (b) & (c) of the Constitution within 30 days from date of order/judgment of High Court.
3) Criminal Appeal under Section 19 of the Contempt of Court Ordinance, 2003 and Section 476 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1898 within 30 days from date of order/judgment of High Court.
4) Jail Petition for leave to appeal under Rule 3, Order XXIII of the Supreme Court Rules, 1980 within 30 days from date of order/judgment of High Court.

25/03/2023

PLJ 2023 Lahore (Note) 35

Constitution of Pakistan, 1973--

----Art. 199--Entries in Column No. 16 of nikahnama--Amount of dower was mentioned in column No. 11--Misreading of column No. 16 by Courts below--Interpretation of document--Concurrent findings--Exercising of jurisdiction by Family Courts--Challenge to--Courts below have misread and misconstrued terms of column No. 16 which is closely tied in Column No. 11 and cannot be read in isolation--It is a basic rule of interpretation of documents that a document has to be read as a whole--Intention of parties can be whittled down on a reading of different parts of Nikahnama in isolation--Family Court can only exercise jurisdiction in respect of inter alia recovery of dower but not otherwise--If at all any recovery is sought in respect of assets mentioned in column No. 16, Respondent No. 3 ought to have brought a suit separately but not by way of recovery of dower before family Court--Petition allowed.

PLJ 2023 lahore (Note) 35
Present: Shahid karim, J.
ZAKIR ABBAS--Petitioner
versus
ADDITIONAL DISTRICT JUDGE, LAYYAH etc.--Respondents
W.P. No. 13317 of 2018, decided on 26.3.2019.

Order
The Respondents No. 3 and 4 have been proceeded against ex-parte vide order dated 5.12.2018.
2. The only issue in this petition revolves around Issue No. 3 which is to the following effect:
“Whether the plaintiff No. 1 is entitled to “Haq Mehr” as well detailed in head note of the plaint? OPP.”
3. Both the Courts below have rendered a concurrent finding of fact vide judgments and decrees dated 10.07.2018 and 7.1.2017 passed by the Addl District Judge, Layyah and Judge Family Court, Layyah respectively. The learned counsel for the petitioner contended that there was a gross misreading of evidence on the said issue, in that. column No. 16 of the Nikahnama was misconstrued by the Courts below. It is pertinent to mention that in column No. 11 the amount of dower has been mention as Rs.2,000/- whereas in column No. 16 piece of land measuring 1-kanal, Haveli or 9 Masha ornaments have been mentioned. The said column in vernacular reads as under:

"آیا پورے مہر یا اس کے کسی حصہ کے عوض میں کوئی جائیداد دی گئی ہے اگر دی گئی ہے تو اس جائیداد کی حرامت اور اس کی قیمت جو فریقین کے مابین طے پائی ہے۔"

4. Therefore, it is evident that the said column has to be read in conjunction with Column No. 11 relating to the amount of dower and provides that the column must contain details of property if any which has been given in lieu of the dower or any part of the dower. It is incredulous to suggest that although the amount of dower is
Rs. 2,000/- as clearly stated in column No. 11 that the property and other assets mentioned in column No. 16 would be in substitution of that amount of Rs.2000/- or any part of it. Clearly, therefore, the Courts below have misread and misconstrued the terms of the column No. 16 which is closely tied in Column No. 11 and cannot be read in isolation. It is a basic rule of interpretation of documents that a document has to be read as a whole. It cannot be urged by any stretch of imagination that the intention of the parties can be whittled down on a reading of different parts of the Nikahnama in isolation. Surely it cannot be the case of the Respondent No. 3 that the value of the assets mentioned in column No. 16 equals Rs.2000/-. If that is not the case, then the property mentioned in this column has to be a transaction unrelated to dower. Although the petitioner admits to the authenticity of the Nikahnama yet the assertion is that the mention of piece of land etc. may be intended by the parties to be a separate arrangement between the parties but was not the amount of dower which could be claimed by filing a suit before the family Court. Plainly the family Court can only exercise jurisdiction in respect of inter alia recovery of dower but not otherwise. If at all any recovery is sought in respect of the assets mentioned in column No. 16, the Respondent No. 3 ought to have brought a suit separately but not by way of recovery of dower before the family Court. Thus, the Courts below have committed a jurisdictional defect and gross illegality in the construction that these Courts put on column No. 16 so as to read that column along with Column No. 11 and to decree the suit for dower.
5. In view of the above, this petition is allowed. The judgments and decrees of the Courts below to the extent of Issue No. 3 is hereby set aside.
Petition allowed

26/08/2022

دادا کن حالات میں ناں و نفقہ ادا کرنے کا پابند ھے.
Parens patriae is a Latin term which means “parent of the country.” This doctrine postulates that the government is the ultimate guardian of all the people under a disability, especially children and mentally disordered persons. Parens patriae must be distinguished from the loco parentis (Latin for “in the place of a parent”) which refers to “a person who has put himself in situation of a lawful parent by assuming the obligations incident to parental relation without going through the formalities of legal adoption”.
Lord Eldon says that “a person acting in loco parentis is in the situation of the person described as the lawful father of the child.” The doctrine of loco parentis is, for example, applied to authorize the educational institutions to act in the best interests of their students, and to allow a non-biological parent to exercise the rights and responsibilities of a biological parent.

The High Court’s jurisdiction in respect of children has three facets. The first is the conventional role which it performs when it adjudicates family disputes like those relating to maintenance and guardianship. Second, habeas corpus proceedings which may involve recovery of children from illegal or improper custody of a person. The third facet is where the court assumes the rights and duties of a parent itself.
The Quran says that “a father and mother must provide a maintenance to their adult daughters (and also to their adult sons who are disabled), in proportion to their respective claims of inheritance. The maintenance to an adult daughter, or to an adult son who is disabled, rests upon the parents in three equal parts, two-thirds being furnished by the father, and one-third by the mother, because the inheritance of a father from the estate of his son or daughter is two-thirds, and that of a mother one-third.
Our courts have consistently held that maintenance of a minor child is primarily the father’s obligation. If he is indigent and incapable of earning his own labour, the responsibility lies with the mother if she is in easy circumstances. The grandfather becomes liable on two conditions: firstly, the father is impoverished and infirm and the mother is also hard up, and secondly, he (the grandfather) is in easy circumstances.

25/08/2022

طلاق سرٹیفکیٹ کیوں ضروری ہے اور طلاق سرٹیفکیٹ یونین کونسل سے کیسے بنوایا جائے؟

طلاق دینا مرد کا شرعی حق ہے لیکن یہ کام دین اسلام میں ناپسندیدہ کاموں میں سے ایک کام ہے. لہذا طلاق کا فیصلہ کرتے ہوئے سوچ و بچار سے کام لیں جذبات میں آکر فیصلہ مت کریں. اب آپ کو طلاق دینے کا قانونی طریقہ بتا دوں۔ اگر شوہر اپنی بیوی کو طلاق دے گا تو Muslim Family law ordinance 1961 کے تحت وہ شخص طلاق دینے کے بعد متعلقہ یونین کونسل کو بتائے گا مطلب نوٹس بھیجے گا کہ اس نے اپنی بیوی کو طلاق دے دی. نوٹس ملنے کے بعد متعلقہ یونین کونسل ایک ثالثی کونسل تشکیل دے گی۔ یہ ثالثی کونسل شوہر اور بیوی کے نمائندگان پر مشتمل ہوگی. یہ نمائندے شوہر اور بیوی کے قریبی عزیز، والدین اور بھائی ہونگے. چئیرمین یونین کونسل یا سیکرٹری یونین کونسل بھی اسی ثالثی کونسل کا حصہ ہوگا. یہ ثالثی کونسل میاں بیوی کے درمیان صلح کروانے کی کوشش کرے گی اگر صلح ہو جاتی ہے تو دی گئی طلاق غیر موثر ہو جائے گی اور میاں بیوی بغیر نکاح کیے اکٹھے رہ سکتے ہیں اور اگر راضی نامہ نہ ہوا تو یونین کونسل کو نوٹس ملنے کے 3 ماہ بعد طلاق موثر ہو جائے گی اور متعلقہ یونین کونسل طلاق سرٹیفکیٹ جاری کر دے گی. اگر عورت نے عدالت کے ذریعے خلع لی ہے تو عدالتی ڈگری متعلقہ یونین کونسل کو جائے گی اور عدالتی ڈگری کے 3 ماہ بعد متعلقہ یونین کونسل طلاق سرٹیفکیٹ جاری کر دے گی۔

طلاق سرٹیفکیٹ کیوں ضروری ہے؟
طلاق سرٹیفکیٹ ایک ثبوت ہے جس سے ظاہر ہوتا ہے کہ کوئی طلاق یافتہ ہے یا نہیں. مرد دوسری شادی کرنا چاہے یا عورت تو وہ نکاح کے ٹائم اپنا طلاق سرٹیفکیٹ پیش کرے گی جس سے ثابت ہو کہ وہ طلاق یافتہ ہیں. نکاح نامے کے ایک کالم میں لکھنا پڑتا ہے کہ آیا دلہا اور دلہن سابقہ شادی شدہ تو نہیں۔ اگر شوہر نے اپنی بیگم کو طلاق دے دی لیکن یونین کونسل نوٹس نہیں بھجوایا اس صورت میں مرد کو Muslim Family law ordinance 1961 کے سیکشن 7 کے تحت جرمانہ اور قید کی سزا ہوسکتی ہے. سپریم کورٹ نے اپنے فیصلے PLD 2016 457 SC میں قانون وضع کر دیا کہ شوہر پر لازم ہے وہ طلاق دے تو اپنی بیوی اور متعلقہ یونین کونسل کو نوٹس بھیجے بذریعہ رجسٹری. زبانی طلاق بیوی پر اثرانداز نہیں ہوگی اور بیوی حقدار ہوگی کہ وہ شوہر سے سابقہ خرچہ لے کیونکہ شوہر یہ نہیں کہہ سکتا میں نے اتنا عرصہ پہلے طلاق دے دی تھی. اس لئے اب شوہر کے لیے لازمی ہے بیوی اور یونین کونسل کو بذریعہ نوٹس بتائے۔

15/08/2022

ایف آئی آر(FIR) کو ختم کروانے کا طریقہ کار !! ایف آئی آر کس طرح خارج کرائی جائے؟
Quashment of FIR
مخالفین کو پھنسانے کیلئے جھوٹی اور فرضی کہانیوں پر مبنی ایف آئی آرز درج کرانا پاکستان میں عام ہے۔کسی کیخلاف جھوٹی ایف آئی آر درج کرانا ایک جرم ہے۔جس کی سزا7 سال تک قید ہوسکتی ہے۔ (دفعہ 182 تعزیرات پاکستان) اسی طرح اس جھوٹی ایف آئی آر میں درج کی گئی کہانی کے گواہوں کو بھی جھوٹی گواہی دینے پرسخت سزائیں مقرر ہیں (سیکشنز 193،194 پاکستان پینل کوڈ) جھوٹٰی گواہی دینے والے کو سزائے موت تک دی جاسکتی ہے۔
آپ کیخلاف جھوٹی ایف آئی آر درج ہوجائے تو کیا کریں؟
اگر ایف آئی آر کے اندراج کے بعد آپ کا چالان متعلقہ عدالت میں پیش نہیں ہوا اور اس پر ٹرائل شروع نہیں ہوا تو آپ آئین کے آرٹیکل 199 اور ضابطہ فوجداری کی دفعہ 561اے کے تحت اس ایف آئی آر کے اخراج کیلئے ہائیکورٹ میں رٹ دائر کر سکتے ہیں۔آپ اپنا کیس ثابت کرتے ہیں تو ہائیکورٹ یہ ایف آئی آر خارج کرنے کا حکم دے گی۔
اسکی ایک مثال 2008 میں ہائیکورٹ کے جج جسٹس کاظم علی ملک کے ایک فیصلے سے دوں گا۔اس کیس میں مخالفین کا آپس میں لین دین کا کوئی مسئلہ تھا۔ایک فیکٹری کے مالک نے ایک شخص سے تیل خریدا تھا اور ادائیگی نہیں کی تھی۔یہ دیوانی عدالت کا معاملہ تھا لیکن مدعی نے پولیس سے ملی بھگت کر کے فیکٹری مالک کیخلاف تعزیرات پاکستان کی دفعہ 406 کے تحت مقدمہ درج کرا دیا۔عدالت نے یہ ایف آئی آر خارج کرنے کا حکم دیا اور کہا کہ یہ دیوانی عدالت کا مسئلہ ہے پولیس نے اپنے اختیار سے تجاوز کیا،نہ صرف یہ بلکہ ایف آئی درج کرنے والے تھانہ باغبانپورہ لاہور کے سب انسپکٹر اصغر علی اور تفتیشی سب انسپکٹر عرفان علی کو رٹ کرنے والے شخص کو 50 ہزار روپے جرمانہ ادا کرنے کا بھی حکم دیا۔
2008 YLR 2695.
تاہم اگر اس ایف آئی آر کے اندراج کے بعد ملزم کا چالان پیش کر دیا گیا اور ٹرائل شروع ہوگیا ہو تو ہائیکورٹ اسے اس نچلی عدالت سے ہی ریلیف لینے کی ہدایت کرتی ہے۔اس صورت میں مجسٹریٹ ضابطہ فوجداری کی دفعہ 249 اے اور سیشن جج ضابطہ فوجداری کی دفعہ 265 کے کے تحت ملزم کو کسی بھی وقت مقدمہ سے بری کرسکتا ہے۔
پولیس رولز 1934 کا قانون نمبر 24 اعشاریہ 7 متعلقہ پولیس افسر کو بھی یہ اختیار دیتا ہے کہ وہ درج شدہ ایف آئی آر کو منسوخ کرسکتا..

14/08/2022

خرچہ ناں و نفقہ میں سالانہ اضافہ کب سے لاگو ھو گا...

2022 LHC 6063

The legal question involved for determination in this case relates to whether 10% annual increase in maintenance allowance is to be effective from the date of passing of the decree that attained finality or from the date of institution of the suit. Examination of the impugned order/judgment of the Courts below reveals that the learned Courts have not kept the aim, object and scope of the Family Courts Act, 1964 in mind while interpreting the judgment and decree dated 25.11.2010 and have reached to a misconceived conclusion that it will be safe to allow the annual increase from the date of decree instead of the date of institution of the suit. It is pertinent to observe that any ambiguity in the decree as to grant of annual increase from the date of institution or from the date of decree would be so construed as to be not incongruous to the object and purpose of law which is a beneficial legislation and in this manner, the instant case exhibits a fortiori situation inasmuch as when the Act 1964 itself, being beneficial legislation, cannot be construed and interpreted in a manner detrimental to the minor or female, the judgment and decree passed under such law cannot be so interpreted.
Perusal of the pre-amendment provision brings forth that the legislature had not provided the annual increase; however, the Courts used to award and grant annual increase in the maintenance on their own, keeping in view facts of each case. The jurisprudence so developed was given a legislative form by the legislature through the above reproduced amendment. Perusal of Section 17A, as it stands after the amendment, reveals that in a suit for maintenance, the Court can transcend the legal and procedural limitation of civil law of being confined to the relief sought as sub-section (2)(a) thereof provides that the Family Court is vested with the power to fix an amount of maintenance higher than the amount prayed for in the plaint due to afflux of time or any other relevant circumstances. Such a statutory layout of the said provision is to be put parallel to the beneficial nature of the Act, 1964, which propels to the conclusion that section 17A is also beneficial in nature conferring financial protection to the female and minors. It is further seen from Section 17A that the Court can grant maintenance higher than what has been prayed for in the plaint on the basis of afflux of time or for other circumstances. Similarly, Section 17A(2)(b) of the Act, 1964 obligates upon the Court to prescribe the rate of annual increase and sub-section (3) of Section 17A spells out that where the Court does not prescribe any rate of increase, the annual increase of 10% would be read into the decree. However, on the basis of facts and circumstances of each case, the discretion of the Court to award more than 10% annual increase remains protected. Similarly, it is important to note that the legislature has vested the Family Court with the power to consider the afflux of time and such other circumstances while granting maintenance in the decree of maintenance. Considered from this perspective, the suit for maintenance was filed by petitioner No.1 (mother of the petitioners), in the year 2004 and decree passed attained finality in the year 2010, which show a lapse of almost six years in between the date of institution and the date of decree. Therefore, if the plea of the respondent (father) as to grant of annual increase from the date of decree is allowed, this would not only frustrate the object of the law but would also put premium in the hands of a defendant. The respondent in the instant case was to protract the suit for maintenance being concluded in order to avert the annual increase, which has been now given statutory recognition under Section 17A. Such an interpretation would be contrary and repugnant to the object and purpose of the law.Thus, it would be against the interest and welfare of the minor to grant annual increase from the date of decree particularly in cases like the one at hand where there is a gap of almost 6 years in the date of institution of the suit and date of final decree passed therein.
Petitioners are held entitled to 10% annual increase in the maintenance amount awarded to them under the judgment and decree dated 25.11.2010 till their legal entitlement and the effective date shall be from the date of institution of the suit and not the date of the decree.

08/08/2022

Quantum of sentence--Modification in sentence--Recovery of 1350 grams of charas--Appreciation of evidence-
PLJ 2022 Cr.C. 633 (DB)

Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997 (XXV of 1997)--

----S. 9(c)--Conviction and sentence--Challenge to--Quantum of sentence--Modification in sentence--Recovery of 1350 grams of charas--Appreciation of evidence--Question of sentence--Appellant was apprehended by police party at spot and recovered 1350 grams of charas paira numa from his possession--Prosecution has proved guilt of appellant beyond any reasonable doubt and has successfully discharge its burden through consistent and confidence inspiring evidence--The impugned judgment is based on sound appreciation of evidence and there is nothing on record to suggest any ill-will or animosity against any of prosecution witnesses--In this way, impugned judgment, resulting into conviction of appellant for offence u/S. 9-C of Control of Narcotic Substances Act 1997--Quantum of sentence of appellant is concerned, that appellant is first offender and he never remained involved in any other criminal case--He was arrested and at time of pronouncement of judgment by trial Court he was in custody--His sentence was suspended by High Court, thus he has already served out more than 2½ year of his sentence--He also faced agony of protracted trial coupled with incarceration, therefore, he should be given an opportunity to mend his ways--Appeal was dismissed.

04/08/2022

سپریم کورٹ نے قرار دیا ہے کہ مسلم فیملی لاء آرڈیننس کے دفعہ 4 کے تحت"پڑپوتے" اولاد کی تعریف میں نہیں آتے۔
2022-SCMR-1131

Muslim Family Laws Ordinance (VIII of 1961)---
--Sec. 4--- Inheritance--- Great grandchildren, share of--- For the purposes of section 4 of the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 great grandchildren did not fall within the meaning of "children"---Section 4 of the Ordinance applies only to those grandchildren as are living at the time of the death of the propositus---Any extended meaning cannot be given to the said section to cover great grandchildren.

Section 4 of Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 ("Ordinance"), used the words "the children of [the predeceased] son or daughter, if any, living at the time the succession opens". Said words impose a clear limitation i.e. section 4 applied only to those grandchildren as are alive at the time of death of the propositus. Under the rules of Muslim inheritance, the legal heirs of a predeceased son or daughter do not inherit from the parent of the predeceased. Section 4 of the Ordinance carves out a carefully constructed exception from this rule. It is not without significance that the section does not refer to the legal heirs of the predeceased son or daughter.

04/08/2022

2022 MLD 1203

عدالت پرچہ ڈگری تیار کرنے کی پابند ھے اور پرچہ ڈگری تیار کرنے کی کوئی معیاد نہ ھے

Court has to draw up a decree sheet and no limitation has been provided for drawing up such a decree sheet. It is a settled proposition of law that no person shall suffer for the act or omission or neglect of the court, or its officials, and the act of court shall not prejudice anyone.

It is not a part of the duty of a litigant to remind the court or its office about its obligation to draw up a decree after the judgment is announced in any suit. No one can deny that it was the duty of the Court to prepare and complete the decree sheet in line with its judgment. If it fails to perform its duty, was it fair to punish a party for default of the Court.

This Court while dealing with a similar type of situation declared that the court needed to draw up a decree sheet and the omission or neglect on the part of the court in the performance of its statutory duties cannot be taken as a ground for penalizing the party.

Furthermore, no time limit having been provided under Order XX Rule 7 of the CPC for preparation or signing of a decree after the pronouncement of a judgment, as it prescribes duty that the formal decree made out in a case should bear the date of judgment. However, the preparation of a decree is a ministerial act, the date of the signing of the decree remains uncertain. The august Supreme Court of Pakistan observed that limitation under Article 156 for filing an appeal runs from the signing of the decree and period elapsing between announcing of judgment and signing of decree to be accommodated.

Mere technicalities cannot defeat the rights of any person, although certain technicalities of law, where right is vested in the opposite party by efflux of time or where public policy demands so, may become relevant, however, the same cannot be given any preference by defeating the ends of justice, depriving a party of substantive rights, which accrued to it under the law and principle of justice.

Abbasi Legal consultancy.

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