Legal Awareness

12/03/2026

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29/12/2025

📢 ADPP / DDPP Preparation Session – Now Open

We are pleased to announce the commencement of a comprehensive ADPP/DDPP preparation session, covering all compulsory law subjects at affordable charges.

📘 Subjects Covered (3 Law Papers):
• Criminal Procedure
• Substantive Law
• Law of Evidence

📝 English (Special Focus):
English will be covered separately in the first phase and will be treated as a screening test, with special emphasis on precis, comprehension, and essay writing skills.

🎧 Teaching Method:
• Subject-wise audio lectures
• Each subject taught separately and systematically
• Regular tests conducted
• Proper evaluation and feedback by the mentor

This program is designed to ensure conceptual clarity, exam orientation, and focused preparation.

📩 Interested candidates may contact privately for registration and further details..
Whatsapp
03444616474

09/11/2024

13/09/2024

*Discharge*

*Meaning*

Discharge is simply release of accused from the custody of police which could be either by the order of police ( IO ) u/s. 169 or of Magistrate u/s. 63 and finally u/s. 173(3) Crpc.
It shouldn't be mixed with the acquittal or cancelation of case or termination of prosecution.
After being discharged, an accused can be summoned too to face trial as it doesn't stop the investigation and there after, some incriminating evidence could come on record which might convince the trial Court to summon such discharged accused..

*Different modes of Discharge*

Discharge on his own bond or on bail or under the special order of magistrate..

1. After perusing the police report, if a magistrate satisfied that accused has been released on his own bond, he may discharge such bond u/s. 173(3).

2. Magistrate may also discharge the accused when he produced before him after being arrested for the purpose of remand u/s. 167 Crpc, but at this stage he has to go through the police file, especially the case diaries and other evidences on record and theirs admissibility to make him/herself satisfied and should pass a speaking order..

*Legal Effect of Discharge*
There wouldn't be a question of discharge after taking cognizance and it would be needless to say in what kind of cases a magistrate is competent to make order of discharge. He can make order of discharge in every offence, if he is otherwise competent.. discharge doesn't mean that, now the discharged accused can go for malicious prosecution likewise acquittal..

Further, discharge only pertains to custody of accused and his discharge is only from his bond which would mean that custody of the accused is no longer required in the case for the purpose of investigation and such an accused would not require *bail*..And such accused could still be summoned to face trial by the trial Court..

13/09/2024

*Cancellation of cases..*

Rule. 24.7 clearly prescribes the perimeters of cancellation. Where the information or intelligence recorded u/s. 154 Crpc is
1. Maliciously false or
2. False owing to mistake of law or fact or
3. To be non cognizable or
4. Matter for a civil suit..
Then IO may make a cancellation report u/s. 173 crpc and submit the same before the Area DSP. After necessary perusal, DSP may forward it to the Area magistrate through the public prosecutor..
If the report is well grounded, magistrate may agree to this cancellation report and send back to the concerned SHO who shall cancel the FIR by cancelling the case with number and date..
We above observed that the rule. 24.7 uses the word *information* that where the information itself is false etc, then there would be a question of cancelation of case, but in discharge we talk abou the insufficiency of evidence against a particular accused. In discharge accused is set free from custody and case remains intact, but ik cancellation of case, the whole case is cancelled..

It's not necessary for the magistrate to all time agree with the cancellation report, he may take cognizance u/s. 190/Crpc by disagreeing to the report. There will be no question of cancellation of case after taking cognizance on case by the area magistrate.

Cancellation doesn't operate as Resjudicata, even after cancellation, same magistrate can take Cognizance of the same offence on a private compliant u/s. 200 crpc.

*Some remedies against cancellation*

As it's an administrative order because magistrate also performes some executive functions too, it wouldn't be amenable to revision u/s. 435/439 crpc, but it doesn't mean superior courts are powerless to rectify any illegal order or any injustice, High Court may take action u/s. 561A crpc..

07/09/2024

Stay of Suit/Res Subjudice (Sec. 10 CPC)

No court shall proceed with the trial of any suit. This means that the court shall stay the proceedings in the present suit, as informed hereby:

1. The matter in issue in the present suit is directly and substantially (significantly and fundamentally, or considerably) in a previously instituted suit between the same parties, under the same title, and in the same or another court having jurisdiction to grant the relief claimed.

2. Such a court can be an appellate court, and proceedings in an appeal are also a continuation of the suit within the meaning of Sec. 10.

Until the final disposal of the former suit, the proceedings in the later suit shall be stayed. After final disposal, it will operate as res judicata in the stayed suit.

Cases in which appeals are pending, proceedings will be stayed until the disposal of all appeals.

_Object_

The object is to prevent courts of concurrent jurisdiction from trying two parallel suits simultaneously regarding the same matter in issue.

It does not empower the court to stay the proceedings of another court, nor does it require the court to dismiss the suit as required by Sec. 11 (Res Judicata).

What a civil court can do is stay the proceedings of a suit on the ground that the suit is already pending adjudication in the same or another court of competent jurisdiction in every aspect.

29/08/2024

*Suits of civil nature*
A suit the object of which is the enforcement of civil rights or obligation. The word civil simply means, of or becoming citizens. So a suit brought for the enforcement of civil right or obligation of a person as citizen of the state is a suit of civil nature. The right or obligation may be of another citizen or the state itself. Thus, a suit by or against the government or local authority like a municipality can be of civil nature, but such rights or obligations must relate to private lives of the citizens. Political questions are not covered by the expression civil rights. It's not the status of parties to the suit, but the subject matter of the suit determines whether or not the suit is of a civil nature...

29/08/2024

Classification of Jurisdiction

There's a distinction between general and limited Jurisdiction; that is distinction between the jurisdiction of the Civil Courts and that of the special courts(Tribunals). Civil courts are also not without limitation as they are limited in terms of value of the subject matter of the suit and territorial limits. High court have classified the civil judges into three classes to determine theirs pecuniary jurisdiction exercisable by them in original civil suits. Sec. 6 of the CPC also endorses this classification.. there's then the territorial limitation for which provisions are to be found in sections. 15 to 24..

29/08/2024

Origin of jurisdiction
Authority to exercise the judicial power to adjudicate an issue on a subject matter conferred by the constitution or by law ( Art. 175/constitution)...

29/08/2024

*Courts Jurisdiction*

Jurisdiction is the scope of power and authority of a court to decide issues between the state and citizens, or among citizens, in the exercise of its judicial functions. In other words, jurisdiction is the extent of the power conferred upon a court by the constitution to try proceedings. It may be qualified or restricted to territorial jurisdiction, pecuniary jurisdiction, and subject matter jurisdiction. What determines the question of jurisdiction is what is pleaded in the plaint before the court, and not the ultimate decision. Courts only have jurisdiction under the law and cannot assume any power on their own. If a court lacks jurisdiction under the law, it cannot adjudicate any matter, even with the consent of the parties.

Adv. Mohsin Abbas Sial