Pinnacle Legends-For Legal Help

02/02/2026

سکردو کے ایک جج صاحب واقعہ سناتے ہوئے بتاتے ہیں کہ میری عدالت میں ایک نوجوان وکیل تھا اس نے پی ایچ ڈی فزکس کر رکھی تھی اور وکالت کے پیشے سے منسلک تھا انتہائی زیرک تھا بات انتہائی مدلل کرتا تھا اس کی خوبی یہ تھی کہ وہ ہمیشہ مظلوم کے ساتھ کھڑا ہوتا تھا میری وہاں پوسٹنگ کے دوران میں نے اسے کبھی کوئی کیس ہارتے ہوئے نہیں دیکھا میں اس کی سچائی کا اتنا گرویدہ تھا کہ بعض دفعہ اس کی بات پر بغیر کسی دلیل کے میں فیصلہ سنا دیتا تھا اور میرا فیصلہ ٹھیک ہوتا تھا وہاں تعنیات ہر جج ہی ان کا گرویدہ تھا پوری عدالت میں سب ہی اس کا احترام کرتے تھے بعض مواقعوں پر ججز صاحبان اس سے کیس ڈسکس کر کے فیصلہ کرتے تھے میں اتنا اس کے تعلیم یافتہ ہونے کے باوجو اس فیلڈ میں آنے اور پھر جج بن جانے کی اہلیت ہونے کے باوجود وکیل رہنے کی وجہ جاننا چاہتا تھا بہت کوشش کے بعد اپنے تجسس کے ہاتھوں مجبور ہو کر میں نے یہ سوال اس سے پوچھ ہی لیا...اس نے بتایا کہ میرے نانا انتہائی غریب تھے ان کی اولاد میں بس دو ہی بیٹیاں تھیں انہوں نے بھٹے پر محنت مزدوری کر کے اپنی بیٹیوں کو تعلیم دلوائی ان کی پرورش کی اور پھر ان کی شادیاں کیں میری والدہ کی قسمت اچھی تھی وہ گورنمنٹ سکول میں ٹیچر لگ گئیں جب کہ میری خالہ کو سرکاری ملازمت نہ مل سکی میرے نانا نے بھٹہ سے قرض لے کر اپنی بیٹیوں کی شادی کی میری والدہ نے گھریلو اخراجات سے بچت کر کے میرے نانا کی قرض اتارنے میں مدد کی مگر پھر میرے والد صاحب نے ان کو منع کر دیا تو میرے نانا خود ہی قرض کے عوض مزدوری کرنے لگے جب کہ دوسری طرف میری خالہ کے ہاں کوئی اولاد نہ ہوئی تو انہوں نے میری خالہ کو تنگ کرنا شروع کر دیا کئی بار مار پیٹ کر کے میری خالہ کو گھر سے نکالا گیا پھر گاؤں والوں کی مداخلت سے ان کو راضی کر کے بھیجا گیا اور تیسرے مہینے پھر وہ سسرال والوں کے ہاتھوں مار کھا کر والد کی دہلیز پر آ بیٹھیں یہاں تک کہ أخری بار جب ان کے سسرال والے ان کو لے کر گئیے تو ان کے شوہر نے دوسری شادی کر لی اور میرے خالہ کو اس شرط پر ساتھ رکھنے کی ہامی بھر لی کہ گھر کے سارے اخراجات میرے نانا اٹھائیں گے میرے نانا بیٹی کا گھر بسانے کی خاطر مزید مقروض ہوتے گئیے اور پھر سردیوں کی ایک دھند میں لپٹی ہوئی صبح کو جب وہ سائیکل پر جا رہے تھے تو کسی ٹرالے کے نیچے أ گئیے اور اس دنیا سے کوچ کر گئیے جب میرے نانا فوت ہوئے تو تب بھی مقروض تھے....میری والدہ نے میرے والد سے چوری اپنا زیور بیچ کر میرے نانا کے قرض ادا کئیے ان کی تجہیزو تکقین کا انتظام کیا اس معاملے میں میرے دادھیال والوں نے میری والدہ سے کوئی تعاون نہ کیا یہاں تک کہ میرے والد نے بھی نہیں
نانا کی وفات کے بعد میری خالہ کے سسرال والوں نے میری خالہ کو مجبور کرنا شروع کر دیا کہ وہ میری والدہ سے گھر کے اخراجات کا مطالبہ کرے میری خالہ نے انکار کر دیا تو ان کو طلاق ہو گئی مگر نہ تو ان کو ان کا سامان واپس کیا گیا اور نہ ہی زیور بلکہ ان کا حق مہر بھی نہ دیا گیا
میری واالدہ اور خالہ کے پاس آخری سہارا قانون کا تھا اور قانون طاقتور کی باندی ھے میری والدہ اور خالہ نے ہائی کورٹ تک کیس لڑا مگر اپنا حق نہ لے سکیں اور پھر خالہ ہائی کورٹ میں کیس سنوائی کی پیشی کے بعد واپس آئیں اور خود سوزی کر لی ان کے کی تجہیزو تکفین بھی میری والدہ کے ذمہ تھی.میری والدہ نے یہ کام بھی بخوبی کیا مگر بہن کی موت کے بعد ان کا چہرہ بجھ گیا یہاں تک کہ میری کامیابی پر میری والدہ خوش نہ ہوتیں تو یہاں تک کہ جب میں نے پی ایچ ڈی کی تو میرے دور پار کے سارے رشتہ دار خوش ہوئے مگر میری ماں کے چہرے پر پہلے جیسی خوشی نہیں تھی.میں نے اس رات مصلے پر بیٹھی دعا مانگتی اپنی ماں کو اپنے سینے سے لگا لیا اور پوچھا کہ آپ کی اداسی کی وجہ کیا ہے ؟
میری والدہ نے مصلے کو تہہ کیا اور کہا کہ میں چاہتی ہوں تم وکیل بنو
زندگی میں پہلی بار میری والدہ نے کسی خواہش کا اظہار کیا تھا میں نے وجہ پوچھی تو میری والدہ نے الٹا سوال داغ دیا تھا کہ أپ کو پتہ ہے آپ کی خالہ نے خودکشی کیوں کی تھی میں نے کہا نہیں تو میری والدہ نے جواب دیا کہ تمہاری خالہ کے پاس وکیل کی فیس کے پیسے نہیں تھے تو وکیل نے جسم کا تقاضا کیا تھا
میری خالہ نے اس دن گھر آ کر خود کشی کر لی تھی اس دن میرے دل میں خواہش آئی تھی کہ میں اپنے بیٹے کو وکیل بناؤں گی ایسا وکیل جو پیسوں کے عوض جسم کا مطالبہ نہیں کرے گا ایسا وکیل جو مظلوم کو انصاف چھین کر لے دے گا مگر میں کبھی تمہارے والد اور تمہارے ڈر سے اس خواہش کا اظہار نہیں کر سکی میری والدہ نے بات مکمل کر کے رونے لگی تو میں نے ان کے قدم چومے اور وعدہ کیا کہ میں ایسا ہی وکیل بنوں گا اور پھر وکالت میں داخلہ لے لیا میرے اس فیصلے سے تمام فیملی میمبر اور دوست احباب حیران تھے مگر میری والدہ بہت خوش تھیں میں جب تک جاگ کر پڑھتا رہتا تھا میری والدہ میرے ساتھ جاگ کر أیت الکرسی پڑھ کر مجھ پر پھونکتی رہتی تھی میں نے وکالت میں بھی گولڈ میڈل لیا اور اپنی ماں کا خواب پورا کر دیا مگر افسوس کہ میری والدہ اس خواب کی تعبیر نہ دیکھ سکیں۔۔۔۔
میں وکیل بننے کے بعد ہمیشہ سچ کے لئیے لڑا میں نے کبھی کسی ظالم کو سپورٹ نہیں کیا میں ہر کامیابی پر اپنی والدہ کی قبر پر جاتا ہوں مگر ایک عرصہ تک میری والدہ مجھے خواب میں نہیں ملیں چند ماہ پہلے میں نے ایک یتیم لڑکی کا کیس لڑا نہ صرف اس کا سامان اور حق مہر لے کر دیا بلکہ اس کے بچوں کا ماہانہ خرچ بھی لے کر دیا اس دن جب والدہ صاحبہ کی قبر پر گیا تو رات کو میری والدہ خواب میں مجھے ملیں اسی مصلے سے اٹھ کر مجھے سینے سے لگایا اور مجھ پر کچھ پڑھ کر پھونکا اس دن مجھے لگا کہ میں نے زندگی کا مقصد حاصل کر لیا ہے۔۔۔۔!!
اہلیت ہوتے ہوئے بھی جج نہ بننے کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ بطور جج مجھ پر پریشر آ سکتا ہے مگر بطور وکیل کوئی مجھے مجبور نہیں کر سکتا میں حلال طریقہ رزق سے اتنا کما لیتا ہوں کہ گزارا ہو جاتا ہے بس میں اتنے میں ہی خوش و مطمئن ہوں
جج صاحب بتاتے ہیں کہ پہلی بار مجھے احساس ہوا کہ عزت عہدے میں نہیں اعمال میں ہوتی ہے.

ہمدرد حسینی کی وال سے منقول

14/10/2025

11/06/2025

22/04/2025

Principle of-Lis Pendens.
اصول لیس فیڈنٹ (Lis Pendens ) کیا ہے اس کی آئینی وقانونی حیثیت واہمیت کیا ہے
2021 SCMR 686
Transfer of property pending suit relating thereto---Scope---Suit filed by plaintiff seeking specific performance of purported agreement to sell after property already sold by owner to a third party---In such circumstances the sale to the third party could not be defeated by placing reliance on S. 52 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 since transfer of property was not done when the suit was pending, but had already taken place---Moreover, the plaint did not state, nor was it established, that the sale to the third party was fraudulent or collusive

2002 SCMR 2003
Transfer of Property Act 1882 ----S.52---Lis pendens, principle of---Applicability---Transfer of Property during litigation---Effect---Transfer made pendente lite would not ipso facto become void, rather such transfer could not affect right of other parties in suit---Sale because of lis pendens would not be regarded as nullity, either same was voluntary or involuntary.
Transfer of Property Act 1882 ----Ss. 41 & 52---Transfer of Property during litigation---Bona fide purchaser for value, right of---Lis pendens, principle of---Applicability---Rights of parties in property subject-matter of litigation were protected by S.52 of Transfer of Property Act, 1882---Neither party could deal with property under litigation in a manner to affect the right of his opponent---Principle of lis pendens is applicable to transfer made pendente lite, unless subsequent purchaser established that he was a transferee for value and had paid price in god faith without notice of interest of a third party---Bona fide purchaser for value was protected by S.41 of Transfer of Property Act, 1882.

2014 SCMR 33
Lis pendens , principle of---Applicability and exception--- Consent decree obtained by collusion---Fraudulent transfer---Scope---Defendant claimed to have purchased suit land from vendor vide agreement to sell dated 1-12-1969 and filed a suit for specific performance for such purpose, which was decreed by way of a consent decree dated 29-4-1972 after defendant and vendor reached an agreement---Plaintiffs (appellants) filed a declaratory suit contending that in fact they had purchased the suit land from the vendor vide registered sale deed dated 17-5-1971; that consent decree obtained by defendant was collusive and fraudulent, and that defendant had not impleaded them in his suit---Suit of plaintiffs was decreed by Trial Court, which decree was upheld by First Appellate Court---High Court, however, reversed concurrent judgments of courts below and dismissed the plaintiffs' suit on the basis that defendant was bona fide purchaser for consideration prior in time; that plaintiffs had purchased suit land during pendency of suit filed by defendant and transaction of sale with the plaintiffs was hit by the principle of lis pendens enshrined in S. 52 of Transfer of Property Act, 1882---Plea of plaintiffs was that principle of lis pendens would not be applicable in the present case as the suit and decree so obtained by defendant were collusive---Validity---Suit land was sold to plaintiffs vide registered sale deed dated 17-5-1971, and said transaction was duly reflected in the revenue record and possession of suit land was also delivered to the plaintiffs on the spot by revenue officer---At the time of consent decree obtained by defendant, dated 29-4-1972, the vendor was divested of his ownership qua suit land as the land already stood transferred to the plaintiffs vide registered sale deed dated 17-5-1971, thus vendor was left with no title on the date of consent decree to have consented to sell the suit land---Regarding applicability of principle of lis pendens , defendant failed to prove that plaintiffs had either knowledge of the agreement to sell between the defendant and vendor or that he was a bona fide purchaser---Consent decree obtained by defendant was collusive and principle of lis pendens was not attracted in the present case---High Court also did not advert to the exception to the principle of lis pendens provided in S. 41 of Transfer of Property Act, 1882 and failed to notice that plaintiffs had no notice either of the agreement to sell between defendant and vendor, or the pendency of the earlier suit filed by defendant, which culminated into a consent decree---Exception to the principle of lis pendens provided in S. 41 of Transfer of Property Act, 1882 was fully attracted in the present case as all its ingredients were satisfied, namely that there was documentary evidence to show that transfer of suit land was for consideration; that such transfer was made by an ostensible owner (i.e. vendor), and that plaintiffs had no knowledge of any prior agreement qua suit land--- Plaintiffs were not even impleaded as a party by the defendant in his suit despite the fact that they had purchased suit land vide registered sale deed---Consent decree vide which vendor consented to selling suit land to defendant was on the face of it a fraudulent transfer also within the meaning of S. 53 of Transfer of Property Act, 1882 as suit land had already been transferred by vendor in the name of plaintiffs when he agreed to the consent decree---Such fraudulent transfer was voidable at the option of plaintiffs---Consent decree was an attempt to defeat the interest already acquired by the plaintiffs in the suit land---Impugned judgment of High court was set aside in circumstances and that of Trial Court was restored

PLD 2015 SC 187
Lis pendens , principle of---Applicability---Subsequent transferee could not sustain his transfer (e.g. the sale) if he had purchased the property during the pendency of the suit---Subsequent transferee was bound by the outcome of the suit, obviously that shall be so if the case was decided against the transferor from whom he was purchasing the property or against the transferee if he was a party to the case, but if the case was decided in his favour, there shall be no question about the application of the rule of lis pendens .

2014 SCMR 33
Lis pendens , principle of---Exception to the principle of lis pendens ---Essential ingredients---Section 41 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 provided an exception to the principle of lis pendens ---Essential ingredients for invoking said exception were that transferor was the ostensible owner (of the property); that such transfer was made by consent of the real owner; that such transfer was for a consideration, and that the transferee while acting in good faith had taken reasonable care before entering into the transaction

2013 SCMR 551
Lis pendens , principle of---Applicability---Scope---Suit relating to disputed property filed before its alleged purchase---Suit for specific performance qua disputed property filed by plaintiff/respondent was decreed by Trial Court, whereafter it was affirmed by the Appellate Court and defendant's appeal was dismissed---Contention of defendant was that he was bona fide purchaser without notice and suit for specific performance could not have been decreed---Validity---Defendant had not denied that suit for specific performance about disputed property was filed in the year 1992, whereas the defendant had allegedly purchased the said property in the year 1993---Defendant's case was hit by the principle of lis pendens ---Judgments and decrees passed by courts below were unexceptionable---Petition for leave to appeal was dismissed in circumstances and leave was refused

2012 SCMR 983
Principle of lis pendens unambiguously prescribes that the rights of the party to the suit, who ultimately succeeds in the matter are not affected in any manner whatsoever on account of the alienation, and the transferee of the property shall acquire the title to the property subject to the final outcome of the lis---In view of the rule/doctrine of lis pendens , a transferee of the suit property, even if a bona fide purchaser, without notice of the pendency of suit, shall be bound by the result of the suit stricto sensu in all respects, as his transferor would be bound---Transferee therefore does not acquire any legal title free from the clog of his unsuccessful transferor, in whose shoes he steps in for all intents and purposes and has to swim and sink with his predecessor in interest

PLD 2011 SC 905
Rule of lis pendens ---Virtual and true object---Transferee of the suit property, even the purchaser for value, without notice of the pendency of suit, who in the ordinary judicial parlance is known as a bona fide purchaser, in view of the rule/doctrine of lis pendens shall be bound by the result of the suit stricto sensu in all respects, as his transferor would be bound---Transferee, therefore, does not acquire any legal title free from the clog of his unsuccessful transferor, in whose shoes he steps in for all intents and purposes and has to swim and sink with his predecessor in interest---Rule of lis pendens shall also be duly attracted and applicable during the period of limitation provided for an appeal or revision etc. to challenge a decree/order-If therefore an alienation of a suit property has been made by a party to the lis, who succeeds at one stage (such as trial), but the transfer is during the period of limitation available to the other (unsuccessful) party, to challenge that decision and ultimately the decree/order is over turned in its further challenge, such alienation made shall also be hit and shall be subject to the rule of lis pendens ---Principles

2012 SCMR 983
Lis pendens , principle of---Ingredients---Conditions precedent to attract the principles of lis pendens with respect to S.52 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, are, the pendency of any suit or proceedings in a court of law; the court must have jurisdiction over the person or property; the property must be specifically described and should be affected by the termination of the suit or proceedings; the right to the said property is directly and specifically in question in any suit or proceedings; the alienation of such immovable property without the permission or order of the court, and the alienation should be during the pendency of any such suit or proceedings

2006 SCMR 1689
Principle of lis pendens --- Applicability --- Ex*****on of agreement by one co-sharer/vendor agreeing to obtain power of attorney from other co-­sharers---Non-ex*****on of. power of attorney by other co-sharers in favour of vendor/co-sharer---Registered sale in favour of "K" by other co-sharers of their shares in land---Suit by vendee of such agreement against all co-sharers for its specific performance---Claim by "K" to have purchased land for valuable consideration and without notice of suit agreement---Written statement by other co-sharers conceding ex*****on of suit agreement---Validity---Other co-sharers having filed conceding written statement were not party to suit agreement---Other co-sharers had transferred land in favour of "K" before filing of suit, which sale would not be hit by principle of lis pendens ---Subsequent acknowledgment of suit agreement by other co-sharers would not affect their sale in favour of "K" for his being a bona fide purchaser for valuable consideration from real owners without any defect in their title

2021 CLC 1319
Transfer / sale of immoveable property while civil litigation in respect thereof was pending --- Scope--- Section 52 of Transfer of Property Act, 1882 was founded on maxim "pendente lite nihil innovetur"; which meant that "pending litigation nothing new should be introduced"---Rule of lis Pendens and principle of res judicata had affinity as both aimed at bringing end to litigation and giving finality to court order, once a matter had been conclusively determined

2022 YLR 46
Lis Pendens -Principle---Whoever acquires property during the pendency of action is held bound by the judgment that may be made against the person from whom he derived his title even though such a purchaser was not party to the action as had no notice of the pending litigation

2021 CLC 87
Transfer of property pending suit relating thereto---Scope---Where alienation of property is made by a party to the lis during the pendency of the suit, the transferee does not acquire any title free from clog of his unsuccessful transferor in whose shoes he stepped and for all intents and purposes, he shall have to swim and sink with his predecessor-in-interest and that the transferee of the suit even if for value and without notice who in ordinary judicial parlance is known as bona fide purchaser, in view of the rule/doctrine of lis Pendens , shall be bound by the result of suit stricto sensu in all respects as the transferor will be bound

2019 YLR 805
Transfer of Property Act (IV of 1882), S.52---Lis Pendens , principle of---Applicability---Specific performance of agreement to sell executed by Cooperative Society in favour of petitioner stood proved upto the Supreme Court---Punjab Cooperative Board for Liquidation, during pendency of proceedings between petitioner and Cooperative Society, sold the property to respondent--- Validity--- Litigation regarding property in question was very much in the knowledge of the Board, when the property was sold through negotiation, therefore, principle of lis Pendens was fully applicable---Sale deed executed in favour of respondent by the Board and cancellation of "No Objection Certificate" issued and order passed by the Board in favour of respondent was set aside by the High Court with directions that Punjab Cooperative Board for Liquidation to execute sale deed of property in question in favour of petitioner after receiving remaining consideration amount

2017 YLR 2173
Lis Pendens , doctrine of---Applicability---Suit land was further transferred during the pendency of suit---Suit was decreed concurrently--- Validity--- Transferee purchased the suit land during pendency of civil suit---Rule of lis Pendens was applicable in the case---Transferee could not bring on record that precautionary measures were taken by him before purchasing the land in question---Mere inquiring from the revenue officials was not sufficient to prove the stance of bona fide purchaser for consideration without notice---Transferee who purchased the suit land during pendency of suit was not entitled to defend the suit independently---Transferee had failed to prove his stance of bona fide purchaser---Transaction during pendency of suit was subject to final outcome of the suit---Transferee had to swim and sink with his original vendor---Agreement to sell had been proved by the plaintiff---No illegality had been pointed out in the findings recorded by the Courts below while decreeing the suit---Second appeal was dismissed in limine

2017 MLD 1600
Rule of lis Pendens would apply till the final adjudication which was given in an appeal or revision at the final level of judicial hierarchy

2017 CLC 1452
Lis Pendens , principle of---Scope---Transaction entered during pendency of proceedings before a court of competent jurisdiction would be inconsequential irrespective of the fact that any subsequent court decree had been passed on the basis.

20/04/2025

2025 CLC 544
والدہ نے بغیر اجازت کے بچہ کو بیرون ملک لے گئی باپ نے گارڈین کورٹ سے والدہ کا کارڈ بلاک کروا دیا
ماں نے اپیل کی ہائی کورٹ سندھ نے اپیل خارج کر دی اور حکم صادر فرمایا کہ ٹرائل کورٹ میں شناختی کارڈ کے ان بلاکنگ کے لیے و بچہ کو بیرون ملک لے جانے کے لئے رجوع کرے وہ بھی بچہ کے فلاح و بہبود کو مدنظر رکھتے ہوئے عدالت فیصلہ کرے گی

20/04/2025

2025 MLD 401

The utmost priority of the Court in determining the custody of a minor is to see his/her welfare and well-being. This is the reason, law provides a parental jurisdiction to the Guardian Judge in such cases. The objective of the law is not just handing over the custody of the minor, but to examine all the aspects which are ancillary to it. The power and duty of the Court while considering the question of custody of a minor is to thoroughly and comprehensively take into consideration the minor's welfare. The word "welfare" in such cases is to be taken in its widest sense, which includes not only the monetary expenses of the minor but also his mental and physical health, educational needs, psychological well-being, religious and moral values. The Courts are duty bound to consider such cases in the best interest and healthy up-bringing of the minor which sometimes may yield the rights of the parents. No doubt according to certain Muslim jurists, custody of a minor son till the age of seven years may remain with the mother and in the case of minor daughter till she attains the age of puberty and thereafter, normally their custody should be restored to the father. However, it is an established principle of law that the paramount consideration in all such situations would be the betterment of the minor and even a mother may be deprived of the custody of a minor if circumstances of the case so allow. In the cases, concerning the custody of a child, the Guardian Court is not required to go into the intricacies/technicalities of the matter, rather is obliged to confine itself to the extent of the welfare of the child/minor, which is a paramount consideration.

19/04/2025

19/04/2025

The 5 Ps for a successful lawyer:

1. Punctuality (being on time)
2. Presentation (professional appearance)
3. Preparation (thorough case preparation)
4. Professionalism (maintaining a professional demeanor)
5. Patience (staying calm under pressure)

Mastering these 5 Ps can indeed help lawyers excel in their profession.

18/04/2025

Filing of forged bail bonds does not invite registration of FIR, but initiation of proceedigns u/ss 195/476 Cr.P.C.

The section 205 clearly reflects that if any person impersonates others, and in such assumed character becomes bail or security, or does any other act in any suit or criminal prosecution, he can be charged with offence under section 205 PPC. Present petitioners were not the sureties, therefore, if surety had furnished forged bail bonds and the petitioners were aware of such act, then at the most they could be charged for offence under section 109 PPC read with section 205 PPC, but it has been observed that section 205 PPC is a non-cognizable offence for which no FIR can be registered. For initiation of criminal proceedings and taking cognizance by the Court for such offence, a special procedure has been prescribed under section 195 of Cr.P.C.

Section 205 PPC is listed in section 195 (1) (b) of Cr.P.C., as cited above, therefore, only the Court concerned can take cognizance of such offence.

Even proceedings in such situation can also be initiated on the application of concerned Reader or Ahlmad. Even if it is found that bail bonds were forged and produced before the Court then section 195 (1) (c) Cr.P.C. would become operative because it clearly says that if any offence described in Section 463 or punishable under Section 471 PPC, is alleged to have been committed by a party to any proceeding in any Court in respect of a document produced or given in evidence in such proceeding, then cognizance is conditional upon the complaint in writing of such Court, or of some other Court to which such Court is subordinate.

Meanings of “proceedings”, “documents produced” or “documents given in evidence”.

The concept “documents given in evidence” as used in section 195 (1) (c) of Cr.P.C., is to be understood in the light of definition of word „evidence‟ as given in Article 2 (1) (c) Qanun-eShahadat Order 1984.
Thus, irrespective of question of admissibility, every document produced for the inspection of Court is called evidence, which qualifies production of bail bonds as well.

Offences mentioned in section 195 Cr.P.C., deal with administration of public justice which provides a full control and command on the situation to the Court concerned with a connotation that except Court, no other institution can enter into the public justice process for offences which have close nexus with the proceedings of the Court, therefore, sending the case to police for registration of FIR amounts to inviting intrusion into the administration of justice by the Court which runs against the intention of legislature for which section 195 of Cr.P.C. was enacted. While noting any forgery, in bail bonds, Courts can simply reject it and ask for filing of fresh bonds in order to regulate the process, and at the same time if after inquiry considers that the intention was of cheating the Court by such forgery, can proceed for trial of such offences. Even the Supreme Court of Pakistan has held in a case reported as “Ch. FEROZE DIN Versus DR. K. M. MUNIR AND ANOTHER” (1970 SCMR 10) that Section 195 Cr.P.C clearly provides for the complaint by none other than the “such Court ” before which the document is given in evidence or produced. The object of placing the bar is in public interest, and to avoid one party to wreak a private vengeance or satisfy a private grudge against other. As discussed above, by all means, the bail bonds are documents and were produced before the Court in connection with proceedings for bail, therefore, provisions of Section 195, sub-section (1), Clauses (b) & (c) of Cr.P.C., are fully attracted in the matter, and for trial of such offences a special procedure has been prescribed under section 476 of Cr.P.C.

It is true that certain private documents like, Sale agreements, Gift deeds, Nikah Nama (Marriage Certificate), or other revenue documents regulating the rights to property or status of the parties, whose records are kept by the public office, are prepared well before their production in the Courts; thus, are open to be regulated differently; but documents which are prepared and procured during the proceedings in compliance with the order of the Court, if found forged, shall fall within the ambit of section 195, sub section (1), Clauses (b) or (c) of Cr.P.C.

Crl. Misc.77218/24
Tabinda Adnan & 2 others Vs The State etc.
Mr. Justice Muhammad Amjad Rafiq
12-02-2025
2025 LHC 251. Rafiq Khan Advocate High Court LLM 0333 6023706 Rafiq Khan Lound Adv

25/03/2025

PLJ 2024 Lahore 789
زیر حراست پولیس ہلاکت، تشدد یا ریپ کے الزامات میں پولیس کو مقدمہ کی تفتیش کا کوئی اختیار نہ ہے۔ان مقدمات میں صرف اور صرف ایف آئی اے کو تفتیش کا اختیار حاصل ہے
The jurisdiction to investigate cases of custodial torture, deaths, and r**es resides exclusively with the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) under the Torture and Custodial Death (Prevention and Punishment) Act, 2022. Police authorities are hereby directed to cease all investigations pertaining to such matters, ensuring prompt adherence to the provisions of the aforementioned Act.

I.The issue of implementation of the Act of 2022 shall be formally brought to the attention of the Chief Minister of Punjab, conveyed through the Principal Secretary to the Chief Minister. Simultaneously, the issue shall also be presented to the Federal Minister, Ministry of Interior, Government of Pakistan, through the Federal Secretary Ministry of Interior. They shall assiduously ensure the swift and thorough ex*****on of the Act of 2022, sparing no effort to guarantee its full and immediate implementation. Their prompt and decisive intervention is essential to ensure the effective enforcement of the Act of 2022, thereby precluding any further delay in its ex*****on.

II. A copy of this judgment shall be dispatched to the Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission of Pakistan and the Director General of the Agency. They are mandated to assume a proactive role and take on the responsibility for the implementation of the Act of 2022, ensuring that its provisions are diligently and effectively enforced.

III. As the Police are devoid of the requisite jurisdiction to investigate cases pertaining to allegations of custodial torture, deaths, and r**es, therefore, all the cases of custodial torture, deaths, and r**es currently under investigation, and registered after the promulgation of the Act of 2022, shall forthwith be transferred to the Agency for the purpose of investigation by the Provincial Police Officer without fail, in the same manner, as the investigation in the case at hand was transferred to the Agency.

IV. In the future, if the police receive any complaints regarding custodial torture, death, or r**e, such matters shall be promptly referred to the Agency to initiate proceedings swiftly in the spirit of the Act of 2022. The police, having no jurisdiction to investigate such cases, ought not to drag their feet on these complaints.

V. All the cases of custodial torture, registered after the promulgation of the Act of 2022, currently pending trial before any other court shall be transferred to the Court of Sessions for trial, per the spirit of Section 6 of the Act of 2022.

VI. The Government shall undertake all necessary measures to ensure comprehensive publicity of the provisions of the Act of 2022. Such measures shall include but are not limited to, regular dissemination of information through the media to ensure widespread awareness among the public.

VII. The relevant public officials must receive periodic sensitization and awareness training pertaining to the issues addressed in the Act of 2022, therefore, training should be arranged and structured to ensure that officials are well-informed and adequately prepared to implement and uphold the provisions of this Act.

VIII. The Act of 2022 should be implemented with all due haste, leaving no stone unturned in that regard without further ado because it is better late than never. A copy of this judgment shall also be sent to all the stakeholders designated under the Act of 2022, through the Office of the Registrar of this Court, to ensure strict compliance.

WP 61743/23
Mst. Sarriya Bibi Vs RPO Sheikhupura etc.