Arafol Law

21/02/2026

💰 Lending money?

Even if it’s for a friend or family…

✔️ Write the amount
✔️ Set the due date
✔️ Both sign

It’s not about distrust.

It’s about protecting the relationship.

Clear agreement = Less misunderstanding 💛

19/02/2026

Nagpasya ang na puwedeng kilalanin bilang magkatuwang na may-ari ng ari-arian (co-owners of property) ang mga nagsasama na magkapareho ang kasarian, alinsunod sa Artikulo 148 ng Family Code, kung may sapat na patunay na kapwa silang may aktuwal na ambag sa naturang mga pag-aari.

Sa isang desisyong isinulat ni Associate Justice Jhosep Y. Lopez, pinagbigyan ng Second Division ng Korte Suprema ang reklamo ng isang babae para sa paghahati ng ari-arian at kinilala siya bilang isa sa mga may-ari ng bahay at lupang kanyang pinagsamahan kasama ang kanyang kaparehong kasarian na partner.

Ang Artikulo 148 ng Family Code ang nagtatakda ng mga patakaran sa pagmamay-ari ng ari-arian ng mga magkaparehang nagsasama ngunit hindi maaaring magpakasal ayon sa batas, at kinikilala nito ang pagiging magkatuwang na may-ari batay sa aktuwal na ambag ng bawat isa.

Nagsama ang dalawang babae bilang magkarelasyon. Isang taon matapos ang kanilang relasyon, bumili sila ng isang bahay at lupa, at napagkasunduan nilang isa sa kanila na lamang ang irehistrong pangalan para mapadali ang mga transaksyon sa bangko.

Nang maghiwalay sila, napagkasunduan nilang ibenta ang ari-arian at hatiin nang pantay ang kita. Isa sa kanila ang lumagda sa isang Acknowledgment na nagpapatunay na ang isa pa ay nag-ambag ng halos 50% ng gastos sa pagbili at pagpapagawa ng bahay.

Gayunpaman, kalaunan ay hindi siya pumayag na ibenta ang ari-arian at itinanggi niya na ang dating karelasyon niya ay isa ring may-ari nito.

Para maprotektahan ang kanyang karapatan, ang dating kapareha ay naglagay ng adverse claim sa titulo ng ari-arian at humiling ng paghahati nito. Nang hindi ito magtagumpay, nagsampa siya ng kaso para sa paghahati ng real estate at kabayaran sa danyos, gamit ang Acknowledgment bilang patunay ng pagiging magkatuwang na may-ari.

Pinagbigyan ng Korte Suprema ang reklamo para sa paghahati ng ari-arian, habang nilinaw nito ang mga probisyon sa Family Code na namamahala sa ugnayan sa ari-arian ng mga magkasintahang nagsasama ngunit hindi kasal.

Ang Artikulo 147 ay naaangkop sa mga magkasintahang hindi pa kasal ngunit maaaring magpakasal ayon sa batas. Ang ari-ariang nakuha habang sila’y nagsasama ay ipinapalagay na pagmamay-ari ng magkatuwang.

Samantala, ang Artikulo 148 ay naaangkop sa mga magkasintahang hindi pinapayagang magpakasal. Tanging ang mga ari-ariang nakuha sa pamamagitan ng aktuwal na ambag ang itinuturing na pagmamay-ari ng magkatuwang.

Dahil ang Family Code ay nagpapahintulot lamang ng pag-aasawa sa pagitan ng lalaki at babae, itinuring ng Korte Suprema na ang mga magkaparehong kasarian ay sakop ng Artikulo 148.

Dito, napagpasyahan ng Korte Suprema na ang nilagdaang Acknowledgment, kung saan inamin ng isang kapareha na nagbayad ang isa pa ng halos kalahati ng gastos sa ari-arian, ay itinuturing na may bisa at sapat na patunay ng aktuwal na ambag. Ito ang nagpatibay sa pagiging magkatuwang na may-ari.

Basahin ang Press Release sa https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=160462.

Basahin ang kabuuang teksto ng Desisyon sa https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=160431.

Basahin ang Concurring Opinion ni Senior Associate Justice Marvic M.V.F. Leonen sa https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=160444.

Basahin ang Concurrence ni Associate Justice Amy C. Lazaro-Javier sa https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=160439.

Sumunod sa Credit Attribution Policy ng SC Public Information Office: https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/credit-attribution-policy/.

19/02/2026

The (SC) has ruled that same-sex couples who live together may be recognized as co-owners of property under Article 148 of the 𝘍𝘢𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘺 𝘊𝘰𝘥𝘦, provided there is proof of actual contribution.

In a Decision written by Associate Justice Jhosep Y. Lopez, the SC’s Second Division granted a woman’s complaint for partition of property and recognized her as a co-owner of the house and lot she shared with her same-sex partner.

Article 148 of the 𝘍𝘢𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘺 𝘊𝘰𝘥𝘦 governs the property relations of couples who are living together but cannot legally marry, acknowledging co-ownership based on their actual contributions.

The two women lived together as a couple. A year into their relationship, they purchased a house and lot, and agreed to register the property in one partner’s name to facilitate banking transactions.

Upon separation, they agreed to sell the property and divide the proceeds equally. One partner signed an 𝘈𝘤𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸𝘭𝘦𝘥𝘨𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 stating that the other had paid about 50% of the purchase and renovation costs.

However, she later refused to sell the property and denied that her former partner was a co-owner.

To protect her interest, the former partner annotated an adverse claim on the title and demanded partition of the property. When this failed, she filed a case for partition of real estate and damages, relying on the 𝘈𝘤𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸𝘭𝘦𝘥𝘨𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 as proof of co-ownership.

The SC granted the complaint for partition of real estate, as it clarified the provisions in the 𝘍𝘢𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘺 𝘊𝘰𝘥𝘦 governing the property relations of unmarried couples living together.

Article 147 applies to unmarried couples who may legally marry. Property acquired during their cohabitation is presumed jointly owned.

Article 148, on the other hand, applies to couples who are not permitted to marry. Only properties obtained through actual contribution are considered common property.

Since the 𝘍𝘢𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘺 𝘊𝘰𝘥𝘦 only allows marriage between a man and a woman, the SC held that same-sex couples necessarily fall under Article 148.

Here, the SC found that the signed 𝘈𝘤𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸𝘭𝘦𝘥𝘨𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵, where one partner admitted that the other paid about half of the property costs, was a binding admission and sufficient proof of actual contribution. This established co-ownership.

Read the full text of the press release at https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=160462.

Read the full text of the Decision at https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=160431.

Read the Concurring Opinion of Senior Associate Justice Marvic M.V.F. Leonen at https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=160444.

Read the Concurrence of Associate Justice Amy C. Lazaro-Javier at https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=160439.

Copying of this content is subject to the SC PIO’s Credit Attribution Policy: https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/credit-attribution-policy/.

16/02/2026

08/02/2026

ILLEGAL DISMISSAL IS NOT JUST “TERMINATION.”

IT’S A VIOLATION.

07/02/2026

Even in legal separation, spouses may amicably settle matters involving their estate through a Compromise Settlement, subject to court approval.

✔️ Clear division of properties
✔️ Faster resolution
✔️ Less conflict, less cost
✔️ Legally binding once approved

⚖️ A peaceful settlement is always better—when done right and within the law.

06/02/2026

Simplicity 🙏

06/02/2026

🌿 Marie Curie’s secret sounds ordinary—until you realize what it created.

It’s said that during her most demanding years, Marie Curie kept a simple habit:

Every day, she returned to the same workbench —
whether the previous day showed progress or not.

Some days felt like a slow stretch.
Experiments didn’t land.
Results stayed unclear.

But instead of chasing new inspiration,
she came back… and continued.

Not because success was guaranteed,
but because the logic was simple:

If the process is sound,
repetition reveals what is hidden.

Many people wait for breakthroughs.
Curie trusted steady presence.

And over time, something interesting happened:

Days that seemed unproductive
became the foundation for future progress.

There was no “instant miracle” —
only a chain of consistent days.

🌱 Lesson

- Progress often comes from repeating the right process — not sudden inspiration.
- Consistency is a practical strategy, not just willpower.
- Small daily action outperforms irregular bursts of effort.

Wisdom isn’t always a leap forward —
sometimes it’s returning to the bench when others walk away.

👉 Are you returning to your “bench” today?

06/02/2026

Grave of the Fireflies (2005)

06/02/2026

“Love can be beyond labels.”
- Tan Andal v Andal, per Leonen J (2021)

05/02/2026

Post Smart.
Be smart.