DUNU Chambers

04/05/2022

Abuja Lawyer Warns Of Legal Implication Of Surrogacy

An Abuja-based legal practitioner, Barrister Tunde Falola, has warned those engaging in the act of surrogacy in Nigeria to desist from such practice because it runs contrary to Nigerian laws.
Surrogacy is the practice where a woman (a surrogate) carries a child for another person (the commissioning or intending parents) based on a prior arrangement that the child would be handed over to the commissioning parent at birth.
The practice in most cases is sought for when pregnancy is medically impossible, pregnancy risks are dangerous for the intended mother, or when a single man or woman wishes to have a child.
But Falola described surrogacy as a “criminal offence” in Nigeria and advised couples experiencing difficulties having children to go for adoption instead of surrogacy.
The lawyer gave the advice against the backdrop of the seeming gradual acceptance of surrogacy amongst Nigerians.
“Surrogacy in ordinary parlance is an agreement whereby a person (the surrogate mother) bears a child for another person (the commissioner) and the surrogate mother, unconditionally hands over all rights concerning the child, including the child’s (custody) upbringing, care and legal parenthood to the commissioner,” Falola explained in an interview.
He stated that there are two major forms of surrogacy based on scientific research, namely the “Gestational surrogacy – This occurs when the surrogate mother is implanted with an In-vitro fertilized embryo from the parents or donors” and “The Traditional surrogacy – Under this arrangement the commissioner does not contribute anything genetically.”
Falola further explained that surrogacy involves “an agreement between parties over renting of the womb and dealing on babies, in some cases, particularly under gestational surrogacy the egg or s***matozoa or either of them may not be the property of the surrogate mother but the surrogate mother carries the baby until delivery.”
While noting that there are no specific laws regulating surrogacy in Nigeria, the circumstances surrounding the practice could be illegal and constitute punishable offences.
“It is quite unfortunate that as of today, there is no law in force that regulates surrogacy in Nigeria. Notwithstanding the foregoing, one may be tempted to ask whether the practice is lawful? Unfortunately, the answer to this is negative. In other words, surrogacy practice in Nigeria is illegal and constitutes publishable offences under some of our laws.
“A critical examination of the provisions of some of our laws readily lend credence to the foregoing assertion, therefore, the law that readily comes to mind is the ‘Child Right Act’, a federal enactment that sets out to protect the right of every Nigerian child, this law has equally been domesticated in some states of the Federation particularly in the southern part both the ‘Child Rights Act’ as well as the Child Rights Laws of various states have similar provisions
“Therefore, a reference to ‘Child Rights Act’ in this context, is a reference to Child Rights Laws of all the states of the Federation. Let it be noted from the outset that ‘Child’ under the ‘Child Right Act’ includes an unborn and born babies
“Section 30 of the Act provides ‘No person shall sell, hire, let on hire, dispose of or obtain possession or otherwise deal in a child’ even though the section does not expressly mention “surrogacy”, there is no doubt the fact that the section expressly captures the processes involving surrogacy by forbidding ‘dealing, selling, hiring, let on hire or disposing of a child,” he said.
Falola also cited Section 13 of the Trafficking in Person (Prohibition) Enforcement and Administration Act which forbids trafficking in person, and Section 82 of the Act, saying, “Trafficking in-person ” includes ‘the giving or receiving of payment or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person or debt or bo***ge to place or hold the person whether for or not involuntary servitude in forced or bounded labour or in slavery-like conditions, the removal of organs or generally for exploitative purposes “
“It’s clear that both provisions of the laws cited above-criminalized exploitation of a Child as well as any person as the case may be, for material benefits which is the thrust of the surrogacy. To this extent, surrogacy is a criminal offence among practitioners. There is always an agreement to pay the surrogate mother for the exchange of the child she gives birth to. Once payment is received, she surrenders the right she has over the child to the commissioner. This is nothing but exploitation of the highest order.”
Some months ago, popular Nollywood actress, Ini Edo, became the second Nigerian celebrity to openly admit to welcoming a baby through surrogacy after ex-beauty queen Nike Osinowo did in 2013.
Some of the social media reactions to Edo’s revelation suggested that many Nigerians were open to the practice depending on the circumstances warranting it.
An Abuja-based programmer, Mr. Henry Onwa, told our correspondent in a chat that his wife has been suggesting Surrogacy to get him as a way for them to have a male child, but noted that he would rather go for adoption if he is not going to be the s***m donor.
Onwa, who has been married for 10 years, gave a condition under which he could support the practice.
“I don’t see anything wrong with surrogacy, I’m in support of that. It depends if it’s from the man’s side fine because I won’t allow surrogacy if another donor gives my wife s***m, I would rather go for adoption.
“Adoption, on the other hand, is easy to say but to adopt a child you have to be ready for it, psychologically and mentally you have to be ready to take in anything that comes with it.
“I have two daughters, but my wife is pressing to have a baby boy. Right now her system can no longer support childbearing, hence her reason for surrogacy. The doctor told her that she has fewer chances of conception, my last child is getting to six years, and there have been trials all these years…. Like I said earlier, the doctor told her that it will be difficult for her to conceive.
“For me, I’m fine, I don’t know why women are so concerned about things like this, but she is worried I have to let it be. I could end up with the two girls, I don’t have any issue with that, but I don’t know why she’s concerned.
On how they intend to get a surrogate if they decide on that as their final resort, Onwa said, “We have not decided that yet, I would prefer it comes within the family, the person could come outside of the family but I would want to know the background of the carrier.”
He further revealed that he is going to be the donor, but the surrogate mother’s eggs will be used and not his wife’s because she no longer ovulates.
On whether he has fears about surrogacy, Onwa stated that he would like to understand surrogacy laws in Nigeria if they exist.
“I don’t have fears but I would like to understand the surrogacy laws in Nigeria if there are any, and what the law says so you don’t create problems in the future other than solving a problem. Many people go into it without knowing the legal implications. If they do and I look at it and it’s favourable, then I’m fine.
“For me as a man, I shouldn’t exercise fear, because I’m going to be the donor after all. What’s anybody coming to claim, but to protect my wife whom I’m doing this because of, I will like to go into surrogate laws so that the carrier won’t come and say oh this is my child, for me, the paternity here already, so is not for me but I have to protect my wife,” he added.

24/11/2021

DAILY LAW TIPS
by Onyekachi Umah,Esq.
“Arrest by Proxy (Arrest of a Person for an Offence of Another Person) is illegal and Unconstitutional in Nigeria”.

It is illegal for police or any security agency to arrest any person for an offence committed or suspected to have been committed by another person. No matter the offence and the conduct of a suspect, his family members, friends, associates and mates cannot be arrested, charged or tried for his actions. Criminal liabilities cannot be....

DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 115)“Arrest by Proxy (Arrest of a Person for an Offence of Another Person) is illegal and Unconstitutional in Nigeria”. It is illegal for police or any security agency to arrest any person for an offence committed or suspected to have been committed by ...

16/02/2021

Jasmine Twitty becomes South Carolina's youngest African American judge at the age of 25! Help me to congratulate her.

03/12/2020

*ABANDONMENT OF WIFE/HUSBAND, CHILDREN OR DEPENDANTS IS A CRIME.*DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 470) by Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK)

15/08/2020

SAFEGUARDS WHEN PURCHASING A LAND IN NIGERIA:

By Douglas Ogbankwa Esq.

Purchasing a land can be a thing of great joy,but if you are not careful,it could be a living nightmare!

The following are safeguards when purchasing a land in Nigeria.

1.Let a Lawyer be with you at the beginning of the Transaction.It makes the Land Speculators to do the right thing ,from the beginning, knowing that a good Lawyer will detect fraud or discrepancies from the start.

2.Never make payments and sign documents later,most times after making payments,the Vendors become evasive and elusive ,knowing there is nothing to look on to

3. Never pay cash for land purchases ,do a bank transfer , issue a cheque or raise a draft to provide a trail of evidence .

4.Investigate title and ownership before purchase,don't believe every information given to you by the Vendor,subject it to scrutiny .

5. If they say the Vendor is abroad, insist on a Power of Attorney from the Vendor to a person here in Nigeria and go on line to verify the authenticity of the fact,by using social media channels to reach the Vendor.

6.Let the person who introduced you to the transaction sign as a witness for you

7.Always put dates in your Deeds of Transfer or Assignment ,an undated document has no probative value in Law-as per a ratio by the Supreme Court of Nigeria.

8 .If the land document is registered ,conduct a search at the Lands Registry to ascertain ,if there had been a Transfer ,if there was a Charge ,Mortgage ,Caveat or any kind of encumbrances whatsoever .

9.If the Owner of the land is dead, demand for a document conferring ownership on the Vendor ,like Letters of Administration,Document of Sharing or Order from the Customary Court .

10.Take your documentation seriously ,do not patronize quacks or business centres,be guided that according to the Land Instrument Preparation Law,,every document relating to land must be prepared by a Legal Practitioner,failure of which ,what you have will be a worthless sheet of paper!Pay right now or you will pay more later.

11. If you are not sure of the genuineness of the Land,pay Instalmentally,do some work to ascertain encumbrance or otherwise .

12.Do not allow the Vendor to rush you, while doing a land transaction ,being rushed is a red flag,that the land may not be genuine .

13.Always insist on a receipt for every payment made ,to give you evidence of same.

13.Do a Survey Plan immediately after purchasing a land, and lodge it in the Lands Registry,to put on purchase on official records .

14.Do not buy a land and leave it fallow,make sure you have contact of people around the land to monitor it for you and to alert you against any Trespass.

15.Make sure you have pictures and videos of the signing of the Land Documents,the children of the Vendor may feign ignorance of your transaction ,if for any reason the Vendor dies.

16.Do not allow the Vendor to get a Lawyer for you,get your Lawyer that will protect your interest.

17.Make sure the Community Leaders are aware of your purchase of land in their c
Community ,it makes fraud less likely and makes your purchase public knowledge.

18.Read through before signing a Land Document,every word is important and the Law only interprets your agreements and not your thoughts. "Pacta Sunt Servada "-Parties are bound by their Agreements.

19.You may require the Vendor to swear to an Affidavit of ownership,so if it turns out that he is not the Owner ,it becomes a Criminal issue of lying on Oath -Perjury.

20. Buying a Land from an individual that is ascertained to be the Owner of the land,is likely to be more authentic than buying from the Community!Be more thorough ,when buying from the Community!

21.Ensure you make the Vendor to sign and receipt and indemnity for you and ensure every Deed of Transfer prepared for you have an indemnity clause.If the land is fake ,the Matter becomes an automatic case of fraud.

04/08/2020

SHOULD A LANDLORD REMOVE ROOF OF A TENANT FOR FAILURE TO PAY RENT/PACK OUT? Daily Law Tips (Tip 624) by Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LL.M, ACIArb(UK)

Once a landlord, always a landlord. A landlord does not lose his property under tenancy. However, once there is a tenancy/tenant on a property, the landlord transfers some of his interest on the property to the tenant for a given period. Hence, a landlord ceases to have overall rights over his property once there is a tenant rather shares rights with the tenant.

Among the rights that a landlord transfers to a tenant, is the right to quiet and peaceful enjoyment of property. It means that the landlord must ensure that a tenant enjoys peaceful stay on the property without disturbances (including adverse legal claims and threats to possession). Tenant has a right to a quiet and peaceful enjoyment of property, with or without payment of rent, until a court says otherwise!

High above tenancy laws and rights, are the fundamental human rights of all persons (human beings and corporate entities) in Nigeria. The fundamental human rights are contained in the Constitution of Nigeria and must be respected by all persons (including landlords and tenants). Among the fundamental human rights are the Right to dignity of human person (this frowns against inhuman and degrading treatments) and the Right to acquire and own immovable property.

Contrary to the legally approved means of evicting tenants (seeking and obtaining valid court orders), some landlords and their agents force tenants out of their property. Some go as far as, removing roofs, renovating the property or conniving with government sanitation/environmental protection offices in order to frustrate tenants.

The moment there is tenant on a property, the landlord and his agents have only limited rights to enter or work on the property with consent. The consent of a tenant must be sought and obtained before his roof can be removed or any renovation, that will cause him distress/hardship can be commenced. Tenant can sue landlord and his agent for trespass. Tenants should not be forcefully or fraudulently thrown into rain/sun or insecurity due removed roof or renovation; this will be degrading and inhuman. The tenant’s right to dignity of person must be respected by landlords.

Where a landlord wishes to recover his property from his tenant or his former tenant, the landlord MUST go to court. That a tenant is owing any rent or fee, or has refused to pack out is irrelevant. There is no debt, no matter how much and for how long that will warrant and justify the unauthorized removal of roof, doors or locking, closure or destruction of a tenant’s gate, door, padlock, chain, access point or any property whatsoever. There is no debt, fee or payment that is special and that can justify such illegality including unpaid rent, balance of rent, surcharges, overstay fee (mesne profit), caution fee, advertisement levy, association fee, estate fee, development levy, sanitation levy, electricity bill, water bill, security fee, monthly/yearly dues, infrastructure fee, service charge or any money, fee or item. Let me also add, that the wicked practise of cutting off water/electricity supply or conniving with government offices to cajole and force out tenants is illegal and unlawful.

Tenancy (Landlords and Tenants matters) are regulated by laws made by state government in each state through the state legislators and in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja (FCT) by the National Assembly (since Abuja has no state legislators). So, going by the various laws governing tenancy matters in Nigeria, the laws create minimum standards for the relationships between landlords and tenants. The laws supersede oral and written agreements of landlords and tenants over issues of tenancy unless where the laws expressly allow landlords and tenants to decide and prevail.

In the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) is a federal law operational only in the FCT governing tenancy matters. The said federal law is the “Recovery of Premises Act” and came into operation since 1st June 1945. You will rarely find a copy of it online, so we have provided a free online copy on our website www.LearnNigerianLaws.com in order to increase access to justice. Generally, by law, where there is any dispute between persons, they are to seek justice in courts or through alternative dispute resolution options. None is allowed to take laws into his hands, use force and result to self-help.

There are several lawful means of recovering debts and property from a tenant. Consult a lawyer and avoid breaching the rights of a tenant in trying to use force, self-help or any illegal means. Go to court with clean hands!

05/07/2020

By Ehusani Abel Simpa INTRODUCTION In the matrimonial phase of life, children are a heritage from the lord, the fruit of the womb is his reward. Children are God’s best gift, they are his generous legacy.[1] The value of a life in all its formative, tender, maturing and fully mature stages is limi...

18/06/2020

WHEN IS SEDUCTION OR INDECENT DRESSING A JUSTIFICATION FOR R**E IN NIGERIA?
Daily Law Tips (Tip 591) by Onyekachi Umah J, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK)

R**E is an act of s*xual in*******se, wherein a male knowingly penetrates a female’s va**na that is not his wife’s with his p***s, without the consent of the penetrated female or with her consent that was obtained by fraud, force, threat, intimidation, deceit or impersonation. In proving r**e, there is need to establish slightest pe*******on of va**na (often via rupture of the h***n or emission of semen into the va**na). R**e is a criminal offence punishable with life imprisonment with or without whipping in Southern part of Nigeria but punishable with imprisonment for life or lesser period and fine in the Northern part of Nigeria.

The above archaic but operational definition of r**e exonerates an act of r**e on a wife or a male victim and does not classify pe*******on with hand or tools or of any other part of the body other than va**na (like a**s, mouth and clogged laps) as r**e rather as mere indecent assault (a form of s*xual abuse defined to be lesser than r**e). In Southern Nigeria, indecent assault on females is a misdemeanour (middle class offence) punishable with 2 years imprisonment but indecent assault on males is a misdemeanour punishable with 3 years imprisonment under the Criminal Code. In the Northern part of Nigeria, indecent assault on a woman (assault on woman with intent to outrage modesty) is punishable with imprisonment for a maximum period of 3 years or with fine or both. And, where there is a s*xual abuse of a child not more than 18 years, it is an offence punishable with imprisonment for not more than 14 years. Also, any form of gross indecency against any man or woman in norther Nigeria is a crime punishable with imprisonment for a maximum period of 7 years with or without fine.

The archaic definition has its roots in the Criminal Code (operational in Southern Nigeria), the Penal Code (operational in the Northern Nigeria) and decisions of Nigerian courts (especially decisions of the Supreme Court). However, the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja under a 2015 law (the Violence Against Persons [Prohibition] Act, 2015) and some other states in Nigeria, have departed from the above archaic definition, and now extend r**e to any type/form of pe*******on of any orifices (openings in the body of man or woman) and recognizes the fact that men and wives can be victims of r**e.

R**e is punishable under the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act, 2015 with imprisonment for a minimum term of 12 years and maximum period of life imprisonment. Where the victim of r**e is a child ( a person that is less than 18 years old), the offence is punishable with imprisonment for life under the Child Rights Act, 2003.

Torture is the intentional infliction of mental or physical pain/suffering on a person in order to obtain information/confession, or punish, intimidate and force him or a third party. Under the Anti Torture Act 2017, r**e is a form of torture and torture is punishable with imprisonments for 25 years without an option of fine.

Under the Criminal Code in southern Nigeria, r**e is a crime punishable with life imprisonment with or without canning. And, attempted r**e is also a crime but punishable with imprisonment for 14 years with or without canning. Then, under the Penal Code in northern Nigeria, r**e is a crime punishable with imprisonment for a maximum period of life imprisonment and less period, with or without fine.

Generally across Nigeria, by the provisions of Child’s Right Act, any person that has s*xual in*******se with a child of not more than 18 years of age even with the consent of the child has committed the offence of r**e. The offence is punishable with life imprisonment. Consent of child or ignorance of the age of a child is immaterial.

In response to the rhetorical question in title of this work, seduction and indecent dressing are not justification for r**e. There is no justification for r**e and there is no place where seduction or indecent dressing is a justification for r**e. Always remember that, no matter how attractive any property may appear, attraction cannot be a justification for stealing. The body and parts of the body of a person must be respected at all times. R**e is not just a torture -criminal offence- but a breach of fundamental human rights (right to dignity of human person and right to personal liberty) of victim and as such monetary compensation is allowed but not as an alternative to imprisonment but as an addition.

Kindly note that the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act, 2015 is operational only in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. However, similar laws are now operational in Anambra State, Ebonyi State and Oyo State. More States are encouraged to enact similar laws. Unfortunately, many states in Nigeria have refused and failed to adopt and enact the Child Rights Act 2003 and some of the few that enacted their own Child Rights Law, reduced the punishment for r**e in them. There is need for states to always prepare adequate legal framework and environment for rights to flourish and offenders to be adequately punished. Man is natural selfish and people will not stop r**e because they care but will stop r**e for fear of law. And, the laws will not be known after being enacted unless there is measurable awareness. Law awareness is the vision behind the free daily law tips ( ) and the free to access law platform/website (www.LearnNigerianLaws.com) of Sabi Law Foundation.

My authorities are:

1. Sections 34 and 35 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999.
2. Sections 2, 3, 8 and 13 of the Anti Torture Act, 2017.
3. Sections 1, 47 and 48 of the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act, 2015 and other similar laws in states of the federation
4. Sections 31, 32, 277 and 278 of the Child’s Rights Act, 2003 and other similar laws in states of the federation
5. Sections 1, 6, 222A, 353, 357, 358, 360 and 363 of Criminal Code Act, 1916.
6. Sections 268, 272, 275, 282, 283 and 285 of the Penal Code Act, 1960.
7. The Supreme Court’s judgment in the case (on how to prove r**e) of NDEWENU POSU & ANOR v. THE STATE (2011) LPELR-1969(SC).

“,”nextArrow”:”“,”autoplay”:true,”autoplaySpeed”:5000}’ dir=”ltr” data-typing=”1″> December 17, 2019 14 FACTS ABOUT COMPENSATION AND VICTIMOLOGY IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN NIGERIA. * Daily Law Tips (Tip 480) by Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK) December 16, 2019 HIGHEST P...

15/06/2020

LATE CHIEF GANI FAWEHINMI,
GREAT AND IRREPLACEABLE MINISTER IN THE TEMPLE OF JUSTICE

When Chief Gani's 14-years old first child asked for his dad's support to go to the Nigeria Defence Academy taking the NDA's form to his father to sign, Chief Gani left the form, reached for the cane and flogged the young man for planning to join his tormentors.

From Kaduna prison to Jos prison, from Gombe prison to portharcourt prison, from Kuje prison to Ikoyi prison, Chief Gani Fawehinmi was the most jailed human right activist from Nigeria.
For raising his voice against injustice, his books were confiscated, his library set ablaze, his house and chambers were always raided and he was assaulted on Mobolaji Bank Anthony Way in Lagos by Naval officers.
His travails from security agents never dissuaded him from defending the poor and the weak in the society.

"I defended the students of University of Ibadan in 1971 when one of the students, Kunle Adepeju, was shot dead by the police under Gowon’s regime and the government of the day set up a Commission of enquiry headed by Justice B. O. Kazim and I represented the students for 5 months in that tribunal of enquiry. In 1976, I defended the students of University of Benin against the wrath of the military government. In 1983, under Shehu Shagari, there was a peaceful demonstration by more than 4000 students of the University of Maiduguri against the misdirected high handedness of the leadership of Professor Jubril Aminu, (former Nigerian Ambassador to the U.S.) Several students were expelled and their education illegally truncated. I fought to the Supreme Court to obtain victory. This is just to mention few of my struggles for justice." Gani recalled.

They always came for him. He was arrested on his 50th birthday.

"I witnessed one of the times they came to arrest him in the house. They were about armed 20 policemen. It was as if they were coming to take a criminal and they brought a big Black Maria. He told them, ‘Gentlemen how are you? Are you ready?’ He told my mum to take care of us and he followed them" His daughter, Idiat recalled.

Due to incessant arrest Chief Gani always kept a bag with toothpaste, toothbrush and the Qur'an with him-always ready for jail.

When he was asked the possibility of defending Ralph Uwazurike he said:

"If am approached by Uwazurike to take up his case, I will fly straight to wherever he is or, if I cannot go there by air, I will go there by road. If I cannot go there by road, I will trek to defend his right to hold an opinion because freedom of speech is a fundamental right. Because he has the right to pursue any objective and if they feel that his objective is criminal, then he has the right to defend himself in the court of law and we shall defend the issue of his fundamental rights".

The incorruptible Chief Gani was able to speak truth to powers because he had nothing to hide. He once said;

"I have never got any contracts from any local government, state government or from federal government. I don’t even know the house of ministers. I never met any Head of State in my life. I’ve never met any minister in my life. I’ve never submitted any application for contract anywhere in my life. I have never submitted any application for contract at any level whatsoever."

Chief Gani was Unbiased, detribalized and unsentimental patriot. When his own daughter was working in his Chambers, she either resumed before/at 7am or be locked outside the gate like any latecomer.

Chief Gani's lung began to deteriorate while doctors were busy focusing on his heart and blood pressure. It got so bad that he called his cardiologist, Dr Mike Fadayomi, his childhood friend from the age of four. He is one of the best cardiologist in this world. He directed Chief Gani to a radiologist to do the X-ray first. When he (radiologist) came with the wet X-ray and showed it to Gani and Fadayomi, the cardiologist shouted;

"Gani something dangerous is wrong with your left lung. You must run to London. I don't understand this"

When Chief Gani got to London the doctors told him that he was among the 5% patients in the world who don't smoke or drink and yet had lung cancer.
Gani narrated his ordeals to the doctors in London and one of them hinted that his "horrible detention" must have triggered the lung failure.
The human right activist was asked to prepare for the worst and Gani wept.

To prevent politicians from "hijacking" his burial, Gani bought his casket while alive and made cash available for his funeral with instructions to his children about how he liked his funeral to be.

Chief Gani Fawehinmi literally lost his voice to the ravaging lung cancer before his Sun finally set on 9th September 2009. And Nigeria hasn't been able to find a replacement for that voice of justice and courage till date.

Let's celebrate another selfless Nigerian
A legal icon
A symbol of justice
And OUR HERO.

14/06/2020

_*DIFFERENT TYPES OF CRIMES*_ 👥

1. *ABDUCTION* - forcibly taking someone away against their will.
2. *ARSON* - setting fire to a building, cars or property on purpose
3. *ASSASSINATION* - killing a famous person or public figure.
4. *ASSAULT* - attacking someone physically.
5. *BIGAMY* - marrying someone when you are already married to another person.
6. *BLACKMAIL* - threatening to reveal someone’s secrets if a lot of money is not paid.
7. *BOMBING* - detonating an explosive device with the plan of harming people or property.
8. *BRIBERY* - giving money or granting favors to influence another person’s decisions or behavior.
9. *BURGLARY* - breaking into a house in order to steal something.
10. *CHILD ABUSE* - treating a child badly in a physical, emotional, or s*xual way.
11. *CORRUPTION* - behaving illegally and dishonestly; especially those in power.
12. *CRIME* - doing something illegal that can be punished by law.
13. *CYBERCRIME* - doing something illegal over the Internet or a computer system.
14. *DOMESTIC VIOLENCE* - behaving violently inside the home.
15.DRUNK DRIVING* - driving with too much alcohol in your blood.
16. *EMBEZZLEMENT* - stealing large amounts of money that you are responsible for, often over a period of time.
17. *ESPIONAGE* spying, to obtain political or military information.
18. *FORGERY* - illegally copying documents, money, etc. to cheat people.
19. FRAUD - getting money from people by cheating them.
20. *GENOCIDE* - killing on purpose a large number of people, especially from a particular group or area.
21. *HIJACKING* - taking control of a plane, train etc by force, often to meet political demands.
22. *HIT AND RUN* - not stopping to help a person hurt in an accident caused by you.
23. *HOMICIDE* - killing another person unintentionally.
24. *HOOLIGANISM* - being violent or aggressive on purpose; often used to describe youth.
25. *IDENTITY THEFT*- using someone else’s personal information for one’s own gain.
26. *KIDNAPPING* - taking someone away by force, often demanding money for their safe return.
27. *LIBEL* - damaging someone’s reputation by writing lies about them.
28. *LOOTING* - taking things illegally and by force, during a riot, war, etc.
29. *LYNCHING* - killing someone without legal process, often by hanging, often by an angry mob.
30. *MANSLAUGHTER* - killing someone without malice aforethought.
31. *MUGGING* - attacking someone with a plan to rob them.
32. *MURDER* - killing someone on purpose.
33. *PERJURY* - lying in court, while under oath.
34. *PICKPOCKETING* - stealing wallets, money, etc. from people’s pockets in crowded places.
35. *PILFERING* - stealing small quantities of goods over time.
36. *POACHING*- hunting illegally.
37. *R**E* - forcing someone to have s*x.
38. *RIOT* - causing a noisy, violent public disturbance.
39. *ROBBERY* - stealing large amounts of money with force or violence from a bank, store, etc.
40. *SHOPLIFTING* - stealing something from a store.
41. *SLANDER* - damaging someone’s reputation by speaking lies about them.
42. *SMUGGLING* - taking things secretly in or out of a place, country, jail, etc.
43. *SPEEDING* - driving above the speed limit.
44. *TERRORISM* - using violence, threats, or fear, usually for political purposes.
45. *THEFT* - stealing, in general.
46. *TRAFFICKING* - trading something illegal like drugs, people, etc.
47. *TREASON* - betraying one’s country by helping its enemies.
48. *TRESPASSING*- entering another person’s area; hurting people/damaging property through force.
49. *VANDALISM*- destroying private or public property purposely.
50. *VOYEURISM*- secretly watching naked people or s*xual acts & getting s*xually excited.

*TAKE CARE BE SAFE*

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