Focused Lex Hub

01/05/2026

Academic Writing Tip #1

on title—it can decide everything!

01/05/2026

Academic Writing Tip #1

Most papers are judged before they are read. Hence, focus on your , it decides everything!

The reason is simple: weak titles, which fail to communicate value.

A strong title does more than name a topic—it signals your argument, your method, and why the paper matters, all within seconds.

Whatever your research area is, focus on the following things:

• Signal the argument, not just the topic
• Keep it precise: 10–15 words
• Use searchable, discipline-specific terms
• Eliminate fillers like “A Study on”
• Finalize the title only after the argument is clear

Your research is only as visible as its title.

Make it count.

31/03/2026

To whom it may concern!

for posdoc opportunities with funding!

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17/03/2026

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17/03/2026

Spinning Wheel of Life

The world is a vast, rotating wheel—its expanse as wide as the heavens and the earth; immense, though not infinite. It keeps turning endlessly from a single point, and to that same point it will ultimately return. At every layer of this wheel, there exist day, moment, time, and eternity. Every human being arrives on this earth at a certain layer of this cycle, and then departs again. In this process, I, you, and countless generations before us have come and gone. Yesterday it was the father, today it is I, tomorrow it will be my child, then their child, and so on… Thus, people keep arriving and leaving, carried along by each layer of this spinning wheel.

The One who owns this wheel smiles from above. From that vantage, He sees the first, the middle, and the last of humankind all at once, along with their deeds. He smiles at the frantic rush and restless striving of Adam’s descendants in their fleeting lives. He smiles as humans calculate the profits and losses of their short existence. And when someone, failing to reconcile the accounts of success and failure, becomes lost, disappears, or dies—He laughs aloud.

This universe will remain with all its splendor intact; in between, we come and we go. We engage in futile conflicts and disputes over ownership.

So let us live—not mistaking the trivial for the profound, nor wasting ourselves in needless frenzy or endless calculations of gain and loss—but instead in joy and lively spirit. For from above, He watches everything and continues to smile, as always.

07/03/2026

The U.S.–Israeli military offensive against Iran, attributed to Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu, is characterized by legal scholars as a multifaceted violation of the international legal order. By launching "preventive" strikes without prior UN Security Council authorization or evidence of an actual or "instant and overwhelming" imminent armed attack, the campaign fails the established criteria for lawful self-defense. These actions represent a breach of the prohibition on the use of force and the principle of non-intervention, while the conduct of hostilities—specifically targeted assassinations of political leaders and strikes resulting in civilian casualties at schools and nuclear sites—contravenes core humanitarian protections regarding distinction, proportionality, and the safeguarding of installations containing dangerous forces.

The legal framework governing these violations includes:

UN Charter, Article 2(4) and 2(2): Prohibits the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity of states and mandates the fulfillment of international obligations in good faith.

UN Charter, Article 51 and the Caroline Doctrine: Defines the narrow parameters for legal self-defense, requiring an actual armed attack or a necessity that is "instant, overwhelming, leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation."

UN General Assembly Resolution 3314: Provides the definitive legal criteria for "Acts of Aggression" resulting from unauthorized military intervention.

Geneva Conventions (Additional Protocol I, Articles 48, 51, 52, and 56): Establishes the principles of distinction and proportionality, and specifically prohibits attacks on civilian populations or works containing "dangerous forces" (such as nuclear plants).

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Article 6): Prohibits the arbitrary deprivation of life, applicable to extrajudicial targeted killings.

05/03/2026

history will show that the decisions of Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu on Middle East geopolitics were a blunder and a misguide to their nations and the world.

This is my own created video!

02/03/2026

#বিজ্ঞানীডটঅর্গে আমার সাক্ষাৎকারটি প্রকাশিত হয়েছে। শুভানুধ্যায়ীদের পাঠের নিবেদন রইলো।

বিজ্ঞানী ডট অর্গ (biggani.org) হলো বাংলাদেশি গবেষকদের একটি কমিউনিটি, যা বাংলা ভাষায় গবেষণা সংক্রান্ত তথ্য ও সাক্ষাৎকার শেয়ার করে এবং বিভিন্ন বিষয়ের নতুন গবেষকদের গবেষণায় প্রেরণা দেয়।

অনেক জ্ঞানী, গুণী ও প্রতিশ্রুতিশীল মানুষের সাক্ষাৎকার গ্রহণকারী প্লাটফর্মটি আমাকে সাক্ষাৎকার প্রদানের জন্য নির্বাচিত করায় প্লাটফর্মটির সংশ্লিষ্ট টিমের প্রতি এবং বিশেষভাবে ড. মশিউর রহমান ভায়ের প্রতি অকৃত্রিম কৃতজ্ঞতা।

সাক্ষাৎকারটি পড়তে এখানে ক্লিক করুনঃ https://biggani.org/dr-toriqul-islam-law-technology/

বিজ্ঞানী, প্রযুক্তিবিদ ও পেশাজীবিদের মিলনকেন্দ্র

28/02/2026

An examination of the “Personal Data Protection Ordinance 2025” with Dr Md Toriqul Islam, Assistant Professor of Law, IUB, has now been published in the Dhaka Law Review (DHLR). Interested readers may read it at the link below. Please feel free to leave your comments.

Q1. In your opinion, does the Constitution of Bangladesh (Article 43) recognise privacy in a limited way? Does Personal Data Protection Ordinance (PDPO) 2025 meaningfully expand that protection in practice, or does the broad exemption clause in section 24 [national security, defence, public order, p...

27/02/2026

Marriage in Muslim Community

In Muslim society, “Hilla marriage” or “Nikah Halala” refers to a social practice in which, after a final divorce through triple talaq, a woman marries another man for a short period with the intention of remarrying her former husband, and is then divorced by the second husband—an act that is contrary to Islamic Shariah.

However, in many Muslim societies, this unacceptable practice is often carried out in order to bring a divorced wife back into the household through remarriage after a final separation.

The Holy Qur’an allows the possibility of remarriage after a genuine and natural marriage (2:230). This is also acknowledged in Hadith; however, pre-planned and transaction-based hilla practices have been strongly condemned.

Verse 230 of Surah Al-Baqarah (2:230) of the Qur’an describes the ruling regarding the remarriage of a woman who has received triple talaq. Its essential meaning is that if a husband irrevocably divorces his wife (through three talaqs), she cannot remarry her first husband unless she marries another man and is subsequently divorced by the second husband. If the second husband voluntarily divorces her or dies, the first husband may then remarry her through a new marriage contract.

In summary, although Islamic jurisprudence provides for a second marriage as a condition for remarriage after triple talaq, a pre-arranged or contractual “hilla” marriage is sinful, exploitative, and contrary to the spirit of Islamic law. Yet it remains a quietly practiced social reality in some Muslim societies.

: Whomever I let go, I shall let go forever. Whomever I must take back, I shall never let go!!!

21/02/2026

🤔 Who is the “Father of Law”?

The expression “Father of Law” is not a formally recognised or universally accepted title in legal scholarship. Rather, different legal traditions and historical narratives attribute this designation to various foundational figures based on their respective contributions to the development of law.

In ancient Mesopotamia, Hammurabi (c. 1810–1750 BCE) is sometimes described as the “Father of Law” because of his promulgation of the Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest known systematic written legal codes. This code represents a significant milestone in the history of legal codification.

In ancient Greece, Aristotle (384–322 BCE) is frequently regarded as the father of natural law for proposing that justice exists inherently in nature beyond human enactments, thereby influencing Western legal philosophy.

In Roman intellectual history, Cicero (106–43 BCE) is associated with the development of natural law theory and enduring concepts of justice that later shaped Western legal thought.

Solon (c. 638–558 BCE) is often credited as the father of Athenian law and democratic legal reform. Through his legislative reforms, he restructured Athenian society and laid the groundwork for the principle that law should serve justice rather than merely political power.

During the Byzantine period, Justinian I (482–565 CE) is sometimes regarded as a foundational figure of civil law because of his compilation of the Corpus Juris Civilis, which became the basis of many European legal systems.

In the English intellectual tradition, John Locke (1632–1704) is influential for his theories of natural rights and constitutional government, which profoundly shaped modern political and legal thought. However, he is more accurately described as a political philosopher than as a “father of law.”

In the French legal and political tradition, Montesquieu (1689–1755) is central for formulating the doctrine of the separation of powers, a core principle of modern constitutional systems.

In comparative jurisprudence, Henry Maine is sometimes called the “Father of Modern Jurisprudence” for his contributions to historical and comparative legal analysis.

In the field of international law, Hugo Grotius (1583–1645) is widely regarded as the father of international law for laying the theoretical foundations of treaties and interstate legal relations.

With respect to the English common law tradition, law was not created by a single legislator but developed incrementally through judicial decisions. In England and in jurisdictions influenced by it—such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and India—judges played the central role in shaping legal doctrine through case law.

Overall, in general historical discourse, Hammurabi is most frequently associated with the symbolic title “Father of Law” because his code represents the earliest surviving comprehensive legal framework. Nevertheless, this designation remains metaphorical rather than academically standardized.

🔥 Your turn: If you had to choose ONE person as the “Father of Law,” who would it be — and why?

👇 Comment with your pick: Hammurabi? Aristotle? Justinian? Grotius? Or someone else entirely?

Let the debate begin. ⚔️📜